Table 2.
Summary of baseline data analysis results
| Variable | Group | Totals (n = 9470) | Fallevent = NO (n = 9240) |
Fallevent = YES (n = 230) |
Statistic | P-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 4748 (50.137) | 4638 (50.195) | 110 (47.826) | 0.504 | 0.478 |
| Female | 4722 (49.863) | 4602 (49.805) | 120 (52.174) | |||
| Planned surgery, n (%) | No | 5475 (58.381) | 5311 (58.025) | 164 (72.889) | 19.969 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 3903 (41.619) | 3842 (41.975) | 61 (27.111) | |||
| Fall history, n (%) | NO | 8631 (91.246) | 8461 (91.678) | 170 (73.913) | 88.672 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 828 (8.754) | 768 (8.322) | 60 (26.087) | |||
| ADL_standing, n (%) | 0 | 7987 (84.367) | 7852 (85.006) | 135 (58.696) | 132.755 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 264 (2.789) | 243 (2.631) | 21 (9.130) | |||
| 2 | 257 (2.715) | 235 (2.544) | 22 (9.565) | |||
| 3 | 210 (2.218) | 195 (2.111) | 15 (6.522) | |||
| 4 | 749 (7.912) | 712 (7.708) | 37 (16.087) | |||
| ADL_sitting, n (%) | 0 | 8377 (88.505) | 8205 (88.847) | 172 (74.783) | 54.797 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 112 (1.183) | 107 (1.159) | 5 (2.174) | |||
| 2 | 194 (2.050) | 178 (1.927) | 16 (6.957) | |||
| 3 | 209 (2.208) | 196 (2.122) | 13 (5.652) | |||
| 4 | 573 (6.054) | 549 (5.945) | 24 (10.435) | |||
| ADL_dressing, n (%) | 0 | 7704 (81.377) | 7577 (82.029) | 127 (55.217) | 108.580 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 96 (1.014) | 90 (0.974) | 6 (2.609) | |||
| 2 | 759 (8.017) | 711 (7.697) | 48 (20.870) | |||
| 3 | 376 (3.972) | 354 (3.832) | 22 (9.565) | |||
| 4 | 532 (5.620) | 505 (5.467) | 27 (11.739) | |||
| ADL_eating, n (%) | 0 | 8096 (85.518) | 7939 (85.948) | 157 (68.261) | 74.379 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 87 (0.919) | 77 (0.834) | 10 (4.348) | |||
| 2 | 345 (3.644) | 324 (3.508) | 21 (9.130) | |||
| 3 | 154 (1.627) | 147 (1.591) | 7 (3.043) | |||
| 4 | 785 (8.292) | 750 (8.120) | 35 (15.217) | |||
| ADL_toileting, n (%) | 0 | 7675 (81.097) | 7553 (81.796) | 122 (53.043) | 134.426 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 406 (4.290) | 383 (4.148) | 23 (10.000) | |||
| 2 | 352 (3.719) | 330 (3.574) | 22 (9.565) | |||
| 3 | 413 (4.364) | 379 (4.104) | 34 (14.783) | |||
| 4 | 618 (6.530) | 589 (6.379) | 29 (12.609) | |||
| ADL_evacuation, n (%) | 0 | 7726 (81.610) | 7604 (82.321) | 122 (53.043) | 139.147 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 302 (3.190) | 284 (3.075) | 18 (7.826) | |||
| 2 | 407 (4.299) | 382 (4.136) | 25 (10.870) | |||
| 3 | 490 (5.176) | 451 (4.883) | 39 (16.957) | |||
| 4 | 542 (5.725) | 516 (5.586) | 26 (11.304) | |||
| ADL_washface, n (%) | 0 | 7828 (82.696) | 7696 (83.326) | 132 (57.391) | 112.867 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 210 (2.218) | 199 (2.155) | 11 (4.783) | |||
| 2 | 606 (6.402) | 562 (6.085) | 44 (19.130) | |||
| 3 | 346 (3.655) | 326 (3.530) | 20 (8.696) | |||
| 4 | 476 (5.029) | 453 (4.905) | 23 (10.000) | |||
| Wheelchair, n (%) | No | 7601 (80.272) | 7483 (80.994) | 118 (51.304) | 124.913 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 1868 (19.728) | 1756 (19.006) | 112 (48.696) | |||
|
Needs help to move, n (%) |
No | 8127 (85.827) | 7992 (86.503) | 135 (58.696) | 142.656 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 1342 (14.173) | 1247 (13.497) | 95 (41.304) | |||
| Rehabilitation, n (%) | No | 9216 (97.369) | 8999 (97.445) | 217 (94.348) | 8.401 | 0.004 |
| YES | 249 (2.631) | 236 (2.555) | 13 (5.652) | |||
| MMT_Right, n (%) | 0 | 83 (0.882) | 80 (0.871) | 3 (1.304) | 58.751 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 75 (0.797) | 69 (0.751) | 6 (2.609) | |||
| 2 | 65 (0.690) | 61 (0.664) | 4 (1.739) | |||
| 3 | 101 (1.073) | 98 (1.067) | 3 (1.304) | |||
| 4 | 453 (4.811) | 421 (4.584) | 32 (13.913) | |||
| 5 | 8638 (91.747) | 8456 (92.063) | 182 (79.130) | |||
| MMT_Left, n (%) | 0 | 82 (0.870) | 81 (0.881) | 1 (0.437) | 60.171 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 86 (0.913) | 80 (0.870) | 6 (2.620) | |||
| 2 | 74 (0.785) | 70 (0.762) | 4 (1.747) | |||
| 3 | 123 (1.306) | 119 (1.295) | 4 (1.747) | |||
| 4 | 431 (4.575) | 399 (4.341) | 32 (13.974) | |||
| 5 | 8625 (91.551) | 8443 (91.852) | 182 (79.476) | |||
| Laxative, n (%) | NO | 7800 (82.418) | 7633 (82.662) | 167 (72.609) | 15.651 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 1664 (17.582) | 1601 (17.338) | 63 (27.391) | |||
|
Remote caring system, n (%) |
NO | 9391 (99.208) | 9170 (99.285) | 221 (96.087) | 29.207 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 75 (0.792) | 66 (0.715) | 9 (3.913) | |||
| Cognitive dysfunction, n (%) | NO | 9231 (97.497) | 9022 (97.662) | 209 (90.870) | 42.423 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 237 (2.503) | 216 (2.338) | 21 (9.130) | |||
| Eyesight group, n (%) | Normal | 4956 (52.400) | 4846 (52.508) | 110 (48.035) | 13.233 | 0.004 |
| Mild | 3720 (39.332) | 3616 (39.181) | 104 (45.415) | |||
| Moderate | 488 (5.160) | 485 (5.255) | 3 (1.310) | |||
| Severe | 294 (3.108) | 282 (3.056) | 12 (5.240) | |||
| Sedative, n (%) | NO | 9270 (97.888) | 9047 (97.911) | 223 (96.957) | 0.989 | 0.320 |
| YES | 200 (2.112) | 193 (2.089) | 7 (3.043) | |||
| Hypnotic, n (%) | NO | 8003 (84.509) | 7837 (84.816) | 166 (72.174) | 27.397 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 1467 (15.491) | 1403 (15.184) | 64 (27.826) | |||
| Psychotropic, n (%) | NO | 8863 (93.600) | 8676 (93.906) | 187 (81.304) | 59.495 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 606 (6.400) | 563 (6.094) | 43 (18.696) | |||
| Censor of bed, n (%) | YES | 9391 (99.208) | 9170 (99.285) | 221 (96.087) | 29.207 | < 0.001 |
| YES | 75 (0.792) | 66 (0.715) | 9 (3.913) | |||
| Rihabilitation, n (%) | NO | 9216 (97.369) | 8999 (97.445) | 217 (94.348) | 8.401 | 0.004 |
| YES | 249 (2.631) | 236 (2.555) | 13 (5.652) | |||
| Age group, n (%) | ≤ 49 | 2501 (26.413) | 2470 (26.734) | 31 (13.478) | 64.680 | < 0.001 |
| 50 ~ 64 | 2538 (26.803) | 2502 (27.081) | 36 (15.652) | |||
| 65 ~ 74 | 2440 (25.768) | 2366 (25.609) | 74 (32.174) | |||
| ≥ 75 | 1990 (21.016) | 1901 (20.576) | 89 (38.696) | |||
| Inhibition, n (%) | NO | 9267 (97.856) | 9046 (97.900) | 221 (96.087) | 3.518 | 0.061 |
| YES | 203 (2.144) | 194 (2.100) | 9 (3.913) | |||
| Age, median[IQR] | NA | 63.000 [48.000, 73.000] | 62.000 [48.000, 73.000] | 72.000 [61.000, 78.000] | -7.800 | < 0.001 |
|
Days of occurrence. median[IQR] |
NA | 0.000[0.000,0.000] | 0.000[0.000,0.000] | 14.000 [5.000,27.000] | -25.946 | < 0.001 |
|
Days in hospital. median[IQR] |
NA | 10.000 [4.000,19.000] | 10.000 [4.000,19.000] | 25.000 [10.000, 45.000] | -10.003 | < 0.001 |
The median (interquartile range, IQR) or frequency (%) was calculated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the analysis. For variables such as age, days of occurrence, and days in the hospital, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. The chi-square test was utilized for the remaining variables