Table 2.

Descriptive statistics (means; standard deviation scores in parentheses) for the dependent variables at Time 2 by condition. The last column displays the p-values of the difference test between the three conditions.

		No distraction	Paper-pen distraction	Screen distraction	p-value
Interaction	Parental sensitivity	4.46 (.33)	3.77 (.51)	3.77 (.60)	.001***
	Parental intrusiveness	1.56 (.60)	1.35 (.44)	1.51 (.62)	.733
	Child social involvement	3.78 (.27)	3.37 (.60)	3.56 (.35)	.041*
	Child withdrawal	1.28 (.36)	1.37 (.49)	1.67 (.82)	.465
	Dyadic reciprocity	4.38 (.73)	3.28 (.79)	3.29 (.88)	.001***
	Dyadic negative states	1.45 (.53)	2.01 (.39)	1.95 (.52)	.001**
Communication	Child word tokens	50.44 (56.74)	34.94 (29.63)	45.82 (51.03)	.912
	Child word types	26.44 (24.40)	19.35 (16.57)	20.82 (19.52)	.753
	Child gestures	9.63 (8.55)	8.53 (8.04)	7.12 (5.83)	.805
	Parent word tokens	368.75 (116.92)	267.23 (140.02)	287.82 (148.76)	.054†
	Parent word types	148.25 (34.21)	131.06 (50.30)	125.76 (48.29)	.259

^†p ≤ 0.1; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.