Table 2.
Baseline characteristics associated with all-cause mortality at one year of follow-up by Cox regression analysis
| Variables | Univariable Hazard Ratio | Multivariable Hazard Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Education level (years of education) |
Elementary or junior high (0-9 years) | Reference | Reference |
| Senior high (10-12 years) | 0.79 (0.52-1.21, p=0.277) | 0.88 (0.53-1.45, p=0.613) | |
| University diploma or higher (>12 years) | 0.47 (0.27-0.81, p=0.006) | 0.60 (0.31-1.15, p=0.125) | |
|
Age group (years) |
18-29 | Reference | Reference |
| 30-39 | 0.72 (0.45-1.14, p=0.157) | 0.79 (0.46-1.35, p=0.381) | |
| 40-49 | 1.24 (0.77-2.00, p=0.371) | 2.19 (1.23-3.87, p=0.007) | |
| ≥50 | 0.96 (0.46-2.00, p=0.913) | 1.54 (0.65-3.67, p=0.327) | |
| Region | Java & Bali | Reference | Reference |
| Other | 1.26 (0.87-1.81, p=0.222) | 0.83 (0.54-1.27, p=0.397) | |
| Suspected transmission | Heterosexual | Reference | Reference |
| IDU | 1.08 (0.59-1.97, p=0.796) | 1.35 (0.49-3.73, p=0.566) | |
| MSM | 1.09 (0.73-1.61, p=0.685) | 1.07 (0.65-1.75, p=0.801) | |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
18.5 - <25 (Normal weight) | Reference | Reference |
| <18.5 (Underweight) | 3.54 (2.42-5.17, p<0.001) | 1.84 (1.18-2.85, p=0.007) | |
| ≥25 (Overweight/obesity) | 0.40 (0.19-0.84, p=0.016) | 0.72 (0.33-1.56, p=0.403) | |
| ART duration (months) | 0 | Reference | Reference |
| >0 - <6 | 0.42 (0.26-0.67, p<0.001) | 1.41 (0.75-2.63, p=0.285) | |
| 6-12 | 0.08 (0.03-0.21, p<0.001) | 0.43 (0.13-1.45, p=0.173) | |
| >12 | 0.12 (0.08-0.19, p<0.001) | 0.94 (0.55-1.61, p=0.835) | |
|
Viral load (copies/mL) |
<50 | Reference | Reference |
| 50 - <1000 | 9.06 (3.93-20.89, p<0.001) | 4.47 (1.47-13.56, p=0.008) | |
| 1000 - 10,000 | 13.40 (5.55-32.33, p<0.001) | 7.88 (2.80-22.20, p<0.001) | |
| >10,000 | 41.64 (22.20-78.11, p<0.001) | 18.33 (7.94-42.34, p<0.001) | |
|
CD4+ count (cells/μL) |
≥350 | Reference | Reference |
| 200-349 | 2.22 (0.71-7.01, p=0.172) | 1.45 (0.41-5.05, p=0.562) | |
| <200 | 33.33 (13.53-82.08, p<0.001) | 8.02 (2.69-23.86, p<0.001) | |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen positive | No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.33 (0.76-2.33, p=0.317) | 1.09 (0.56-2.15, p=0.794) | |
| Hepatitis C antibody positive | No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.06 (0.57-1.97, p=0.856) | 1.71 (0.57-5.16, p=0.340) | |
| Stage at diagnosis | WHO clinical stage I-II | Reference | Reference |
| WHO clinical stage III-IV | 3.01 (1.89-4.80, p<0.001) | 1.18 (0.68-2.05, p=0.547) |
Number in dataframe = 4050, Number in model = 3313, Missing = 737, Number of events = 95, Concordance = 0.927 (SE = 0.010), R-squared = 0.090( Max possible = 0.370), Likelihood ratio test = 313.428 (df = 21, p = 0.000)