Table 1.

General comparison of 3D bioprinting techniques.

Bioprinting types	Printing pattern	Cost	Cell viability	Printing speed	Bioink viscosity	Resolution	Ref.
Inkjet	Drop by drop	Low	>85%	Fast	3.5–12 mPa/s	50 μm	[10]
Laser	Dot by dot	High	>95%	Medium	1–300 mPa/s	10 μm	[11]
Extrusion	Line by line	Medium	50–90%	Slow	Up to 6 × 107 mPa/s	100 μm	[12]
Stereolithography	Projection-based	Low	>85%	Fast	No limitation	25 μm	[12]
Robotic arm-based	Six-degree-of-freedom	High	>75%	Fast	Up to 6 × 107 mPa/s	100 μm	[9]