Fig. 5.

Overview of autophagy pathways in normal and burned tissues. (A) Mitochondrial autophagy is a significant mechanism by which cells regulate mitochondrial quality, including selective removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy. The PTEN-induced kinase (PINK1)–Parkin pathway is the most extensively studied pathway for mitophagy. (B) Burns can not only trigger Parkin-dependent autophagy but also induce Parkin-independent autophagy. Activated Parkin interacts with Pink1 to initiate mitophagy. Moreover, Parkin-independent mitophagy can be induced by HIF-1α and BNIP3. Adapted from [165].