Table 3. Predictors and model performance for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and probable PTSD according to two criteria (n=2163).
| PTSD symptoms(PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) total score) | PCL-5≥33 | PCL-5 DSM-5 | |||
| Regression coefficient (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Univariable | Full model | Selected | Selected | ||
| Age, 67 vs 32 years* | −2.5(−3.55, −1.44) | −1.21(−2.99, 0.57) | Not selected | ||
| Sex, female versus male | 1.25(0.03 to 2.48) | 1.84(0.62 to 3.05) | 1.81(0.60 to 3.02) | 1.11(0.81 to 1.52) | 1.21(0.89 to 1.64) |
| Race, black/Asian versus white | 7.01(3.36, 10.66) | Notassessed | Not assessed | ||
| Education, 16 vs 11 years* | −0.85(−1.66, −0.03) | −0.79(−1.59, 0.01) | Not selected | ||
| Employment, ref=working | |||||
| Retired | −2.72(−4.13, −1.31) | −1.22(−3.12, 0.68) | −1.78(−3.19, −0.38) | 0.58(0.38 to 0.91) | 0.53(0.34 to 0.83) |
| Student | −0.12(−2.21, 1.97) | −0.97(−3.47, 1.53) | 0.03(−2.00, 2.06) | 0.84(0.48 to 1.47) | 0.80(0.46 to 1.39) |
| Not working† | 6.97(4.68, 9.25) | 4.96(2.71, 7.22) | 5.30(3.05, 7.56) | 1.85(1.18 to 2.90) | 2.15(1.37 to 3.36) |
| Psychiatric history, yes versus no | 6.65(4.88, 8.42) | 5.05(3.28, 6.82) | 5.17(3.41, 6.93) | 2.23(1.55 to 3.23) | 1.58(1.11 to 2.33) |
| Prior TBI, yes versus no | 0.53(−1.39, 2.46) | 0.57(−1.29, 2.44) | Not selected | ||
| Cause of injury, ref=fall | |||||
| Traffic | 3.52(2.32, 4.72) | 3.16(1.90 to 4.42) | 2.94(1.72, 4.16) | 1.51(1.09, 2.10) | 1.36(0.99 to 1.88) |
| Violence | 9.12(6.35, 11.89) | 6.63(3.84 to 9.41) | 6.96(4.20, 9.72) | 2.39(1.39, 4.10) | 2.02(1.14 to 3.58) |
| Glasgow Coma Scale, 15 vs 9* | −1.78(−2.7, −0.86) | 0.18(−1.00, 1.36) | Not selected | ||
| Total Injury Severity Score, 29 vs 9* | 2.13(1.36, 2.91) | 1.35(0.33, 2.37) | 1.70(0.92, 2.47) | 0.95(0.78, 1.17) | 0.98(0.81 to 1.20) |
| Loss of consciousness, yes or suspected versus no | 1.59(0.34, 2.83) | 1.21(−0.14, 2.57) | Not selected | ||
| Post-traumatic amnesia, yes or suspected versus no | 0.62(−0.66, 1.9) | −0.40(−1.87, 1.07) | Not selected | ||
| Retrograde amnesia, yes or suspected versus no | −0.19(−1.67, 1.28) | −1.20(−2.82, 0.43) | Not selected | ||
| Alcohol intoxication, yes or suspected versus no | 2.68(1.26, 4.1) | 1.33(−0.14, 2.80) | 1.43(−0.01, 2.87) | 1.39(0.97, 1.97) | 1.17(0.81 to 1.68) |
| Intracranial abnormality, present versus absent | 2.34(1.14, 3.54) | 1.46(0.14, 2.79) | Not selected | ||
| Model performance,95% CI | R2=0.09,0.09 to 0.09 | R2=0.08,0.08 to 0.08 | AUC=0.66,0.63 to 0.70 | AUC=0.64,0.61 to 0.68; | |
| Optimism-corrected performance, 95% CI | R2=0.07,0.07 to 0.08 | AUC=0.64,0.61 to 0.68 | AUC=0.62,0.59 to 0.66 | ||
*
interquartile rangeIQR coefficients, scaled to 75:25 percentile.; ²unemployed, unable to work, homemaker; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
†
Unemployed, unable to work, homemaker.
AUCarea under the receiver operating characteristic curveDSM-5The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth EditionTBItraumatic brain injury