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. 2025 Jan 20;15(1):e086404. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086404

Table 2. Frequency of physical effects and complications mentioned by sellers, by gestational age profile.

Total (n=78) 8–12 weeks profile (n=41) 16–17 weeks profile (n=37)
Seller mentioned any physical effect* 92.3 95.1 89.2
 Bleeding 84.6 92.7 75.7
 Menstrual-like cramping 66.7 75.6 56.8
 Clots of blood 50.0 53.7 45.9
 Vomiting 39.7 41.5 37.8
 Diarrhoea 39.7 46.3 32.4
 Mild fever 38.5 39.0 37.8
 Passing products of conception 38.5 36.6 40.5
 Nausea 35.9 36.6 35.1
 Abdominal cramping 34.6 41.5 27.0
 Shivering 33.3 39.0 27.0
 Pain 30.8 22.0 40.5
 Dizziness 17.9 19.5 16.2
 Headache 12.8 14.6 10.8
 Something else 6.4 9.8 2.7
Seller mentioned any complication requiring medical attention* 16.7 19.5 13.5
 Heavy or prolonged bleeding 9.0 9.8 8.1
 Severe pain that is not relieved by analgesic 7.7 9.8 5.4
 High fever 6.4 9.8 2.7
 Foul smelling discharge 5.1 7.3 2.7
 Continued pregnancy symptoms 5.1 4.9 5.4
 Allergic reaction (hives, rash, difficulty breathing) 2.6 2.4 2.7
 Something else§ 3.8 2.4 5.4
*

Mystery clients could select multiple response options.

Mentioned in World Health OrganizationWHO, Cclinical practice handbook for quality abortion care, 2023.15

Other physical effects included discharge, dilation, belly feels hard to the touch, inflammation, fatigue.

§

Other complications included intense dizziness or fainting, blood has strong smell, abnormal bleeding (no additional specification).