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. 2025 Jan 9;15:1521510. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1521510

Table 3.

Scales used in this study.

Scale Author (Year) Item quantity Scoring Dimensions M SD α
Physical exercise Deqing Liang (1994) 3 5 Exercise intensit, Duratio, exercise Frequency 28.97 31.97 0.885
Social support Qianjin Jiang (2001) 12 5 Family, Friends, Others 3.41 0.65 0.887
Emotional regulation ability Li Wang (2007) 14 7 Expressive suppression, Cognitive reappraisal 4.46 0.92 0.933
Feelings of inferiority Lei Wang (1999) 36 5 Self-esteem, Social confidence, Learning ability, Appearance, Physical fitness 3.30 0.66 0.963