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. 2025 Jan 9;15:1521510. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1521510

Table 5.

Grade differences in key variables among college students.

Variables Grade M SD F P
Physical exercise Freshman (Year 1) 40.90 35.38 56.93 0.000
Sophomore (Year 2) 31.54 33.18
Junior (Year 3) 27.70 30.59
Senior (Year 4) 16.24 22.51
Social support Freshman (Year 1) 3.28 0.66 12.97 0.000
Sophomore (Year 2) 3.41 0.65
Junior (Year 3) 3.44 0.67
Senior (Year 4) 3.52 0.61
Emotional regulation ability Freshman (Year 1) 4.22 0.87 28.65 0.000
Sophomore (Year 2) 4.37 0.93
Junior (Year 3) 4.55 0.95
Senior (Year 4) 4.71 0.88
Feelings of Inferiority Freshman (Year 1) 3.43 0.67 12.74 0.000
Sophomore (Year 2) 3.31 0.68
Junior (Year 3) 3.26 0.66
Senior (Year 4) 3.18 0.61