Table 2.
Injury-attributable medical spending and work loss costs per person in the year following ED-treated non-fatal injuries
| Medical spending by injury intent (US$) | Work loss by absence type (US$) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Disposition from initial ED visit | Unintentional | Self-harm | Assault | Undetermined | Legal/war | Unknown | All | General absence | Short term disability | Workers’ compensation | Total |
| Cut/pierce | T&R | 4641 | 5628 | 7408 | 5190 | 4689 | 487 | 811 | 260 | 1558 | ||
| Hospitalised | 37 091 | 40 757 | 49 037 | 39 782 | ||||||||
| Drowning/submersion | T&R | 3499 | 2475 | 2630 | ||||||||
| Hospitalised | 21 061 | 21 061 | ||||||||||
| Fall | T&R | 6916 | 3213 | 6909 | 524 | 1138 | 255 | 1917 | ||||
| Hospitalised | 62 640 | 62 576 | 6894 | 6894 | ||||||||
| Fire/burn | T&R | 5140 | 6205 | 6442 | 5177 | 950 | 950 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 37 717 | 42 632 | 38 566 | |||||||||
| Fire/flame | T&R | 5466 | 4764 | 5426 | ||||||||
| Hospitalised | 47 925 | 48 121 | ||||||||||
| Hot object/substance | T&R | 5081 | 6308 | 7318 | 5131 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 32 128 | 40 611 | 34 103 | |||||||||
| Firearm | T&R | 4234 | 5350 | 6912 | 4488 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 36 096 | 38 510 | 36 703 | |||||||||
| Machinery | T&R | 5469 | 5469 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 36 561 | 36 561 | ||||||||||
| Motor vehicle-traffic | T&R | 5610 | 5611 | 412 | 1150 | 283 | 1845 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 41 370 | 41 401 | 5538 | 5538 | ||||||||
| MVT-occupant | T&R | 5748 | 5748 | 412 | 1187 | 280 | 1879 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 42 418 | 42 414 | 5770 | 5770 | ||||||||
| MVT-motorcyclist | T&R | 4878 | 4878 | 898 | 898 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 38 873 | 38 873 | ||||||||||
| MVT-pedal cyclist | T&R | 3733 | 3733 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 34 413 | 34 413 | ||||||||||
| MVT-pedestrian | T&R | 6346 | 6339 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 46 228 | 46 681 | ||||||||||
| MVT-other | T&R | |||||||||||
| Hospitalised | ||||||||||||
| MVT-unspecified | T&R | |||||||||||
| Hospitalised | ||||||||||||
| Motor vehicle-nontraffic | T&R | 4231 | 4231 | 1167 | 1167 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 32 819 | 32 819 | ||||||||||
| Pedal cyclist, other | T&R | 3451 | 3451 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 34 101 | 34 101 | ||||||||||
| Pedestrian, other | T&R | 6158 | 6158 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 32 513 | 32 513 | ||||||||||
| Other land transport | T&R | 4328 | 4328 | 756 | 756 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 36 003 | 36 003 | ||||||||||
| Other transport | T&R | 3977 | 3977 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 26 773 | 26 773 | ||||||||||
| Natural/environmental | T&R | 5152 | 6149 | 5165 | 472 | 843 | 1315 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 34 643 | 34 503 | ||||||||||
| Bites and stings, nonvenomous | T&R | 4792 | 4792 | 443 | 852 | 1295 | ||||||
| Hospitalised | 35 836 | 35 836 | ||||||||||
| Bites and stings, venomous | T&R | 5511 | 6168 | 5534 | 510 | 849 | 1360 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 28 506 | 28 241 | ||||||||||
| Natural/environmental, other | T&R | 6007 | 6007 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 46 525 | 46 525 | ||||||||||
| Overexertion | T&R | 5401 | 5401 | 432 | 1066 | 238 | 1737 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 54 272 | 54 272 | ||||||||||
| Poisoning | T&R | 7530 | 8124 | 6607 | 7935 | 7647 | 451 | 1479 | 1929 | |||
| Hospitalised | 68 500 | 43 198 | 53 026 | 52 462 | 7883 | 7883 | ||||||
| Drug | T&R | 8202 | 8210 | 8268 | 8553 | 8218 | 1778 | 1778 | ||||
| Hospitalised | 70 120 | 43 028 | 53 487 | 52 422 | 8293 | 8293 | ||||||
| Nondrug | T&R | 5687 | 8927 | 5592 | 6046 | 5785 | ||||||
| Hospitalised | 55 818 | 47 822 | 49 707 | 53 077 | ||||||||
| Struck by/against | T&R | 3910 | 6519 | 5348 | 6581 | 4197 | 452 | 947 | 264 | 1664 | ||
| Hospitalised | 35 430 | 48 183 | 38 567 | |||||||||
| Suffocation | T&R | 8602 | 7568 | 6031 | 7949 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 75 405 | 43 355 | 59 984 | |||||||||
| Other specified, child/adult abuse | T&R | 5122 | 5122 | |||||||||
| Hospitalised | 45 851 | 45 851 | ||||||||||
| Other specified, foreign body | T&R | 4287 | 4287 | 405 | 761 | 1166 | ||||||
| Hospitalised | 50 784 | 50 784 | ||||||||||
| Other specified, classifiable | T&R | 4161 | 5784 | 4172 | 463 | 877 | 1340 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 33 346 | 33 828 | ||||||||||
| Other specified, NEC | T&R | 4336 | 7545 | 4705 | 5879 | |||||||
| Hospitalised | 43 157 | |||||||||||
| Unspecified | T&R | 5680 | 8112 | 7538 | 5822 | 420 | 981 | 1401 | ||||
| Hospitalised | 44 867 | 35 946 | 44 626 | 39 139 | ||||||||
| External cause missing | T&R | 5921 | 5921 | 402 | 1007 | 247 | 1656 | |||||
| Hospitalised | 55 749 | 55 749 | 1561 | 6572 | 8133 | |||||||
| TBIa | T&R | 4420 | 6151 | 4538 | 4529 | 463 | 1040 | 1503 | ||||
| Hospitalised | 49 054 | 40 750 | 54 671 | 51 241 | 6110 | 6110 | ||||||
| All mechanisms | T&R | 5589 | 7903 | 6051 | 5697 | 6016 | 5921 | 5798 | 431 | 1004 | 252 | 1686 |
| Hospitalised | 53 619 | 42 145 | 46 156 | 44 019 | 55 749 | 52 246 | 1569 | 6246 | 7815 | |||
Costs are 2020 USD. Blank cells indicate average cost not calculated if <20 injury patients for the medical spending analysis or <50 injury patients or controls with >0 absences for the work loss analysis, or if the 95% CI for the average marginal effect for the cost of injury included 0. See online supplemental tables S3 and S4 for additional information about the medical spending analysis (number of analysed injury patients and controls, mean medical spending with SE and 95% CIs), and modelled SE and 95% CIs. See online supplemental tables S5 and S6 for additional information about the sample for the work loss analysis (number of analysed injury patients and control enrollees and modelled 95% CIs).
Data source: MarketScan 2019–2021.
Multiple mechanisms.
ED, emergency department; MVT, motor vehicle-traffic; NEC, not elsewhere classifiable; TBI, traumatic brain injury.