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. 2025 Jan 22;15:2886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87426-5

Table 2.

Coefficients for environmental parameters of mixed effects model assessing steps per day (all days, hot days, and cold days).

Environmental Parameter Coefficient 95% CI p value
All days Temperature per ˚C 43 -7 93 0.093
Rain (binary) -796 -1080 -512 < 0.001
PM10 per 10 µg/m3 -96 -182 -9 0.030
PM2.5 per 10 µg/m3 69 -286 423 0.711
Hot days1 Temperature per ˚C -204 -349 -58 0.006
Rain (binary) 595 -861 2051 0.423
PM10 per 10 µg/m3 197 -181 576 0.307
PM2.5 per 10 µg/m3 -33 -671 604 0.919
Cold days2 Temperature per ˚C 298 129 467 0.001
Rain (binary) -1215 -1749 -680 < 0.001
PM10 per 10 µg/m3 -199 -328 -71 0.002
PM2.5 per 10 µg/m3 281 -755 1317 0.595

CI confidence interval, p-value probability value, PM10 particulate matter 10 micrometers and smaller, PM2.5 particulate matter 2.5 micrometers and smaller.

1Hot days refer to days > 80th percentile temperature for each country.

2Cold days refer to days < 20th percentile temperature.