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. 2025 Jan 22;15:2760. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86823-0

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© The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025

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Fig. 8 — The pH levels in the ileocecal region, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon of 5 treatment groups. Data are presented as mean ± SD; * indicates P < 0.05; “ns “ represents no significant difference.