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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Health. 2024 Jan 22;10(2):221–228. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.11.013

Table 3.

In-Person Instruction and Limited Social Jetlag are associated with Lower Depressive and Anxiety symptoms

In-Person, SJL<2hrs In-Person, SJL≥2hrs Other Instructional Approach, SJL<2hrs Other Instructional Approach, SJL≥2hrs Test Statistic

Depressive Symptoms (n=465) (n=485) (n=1813) (n=1125) Pearson Chi Square(9)= 47.26, Cramer’s V(3)=.06, p<.001,
% Within Normal Limits 12.5 12.8 10.9 8.0
% Mild 11.4 8.0 8.4 6.8
% Moderate 34.6 35.3 33.8 29.1
% Moderate-Severe 41.5 43.9 46.9 56.1
Anxiety Symptoms (n=471) (n=489) (n=1838) (n=1142) Pearson Chi Square(9)=37.04, Cramer’s V(3)= .06, p<.001
% Within Normal Limits 18.5 19.4 17.2 13.2
% Mild 15.1 11.9 10.0 10.3
% Moderate 42.5 47.6 45.9 45.6
% Moderate-Severe 24.0 21.1 27.0 30.8