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. 2025 Jan 8;41(2):1480–1490. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04588

Table 1. Classification of the Collision Regimes.

regime topology Weber number result
bouncing6,13,26 droplet sides facing each other flatten during approach; build-up of ambient gas pushes droplets away from each other very low (∼100) two separate droplets
coalescence2729 droplets merge with little to no deformations during collision low (∼101) one stable droplet
stable collision26 formation of a disc during collision low to moderate (∼102) one stable droplet
holes6 formation of a disc with a rim during collision; formation of holes in the disc; formation of a torus-like geometry before droplet formation high (∼103) one stable droplet
shattering6 formation of a disc with a rim during collision; formation of holes in the disc; breakup of the disc and the rim very high (∼103) many satellite droplets