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. 2025 Jan 23;25:288. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21354-x

Table 4.

Meta-analyses assessing eHealth literacy interventions outcomes

Type of analysis N. of included datasets (k) ES 95% CI,
p-value
N. of participants Chi2; df I2 p Intercept* t-value* p-value*
eHEALS difference: pre vs. post intervention
Overall° 11 5.81

(3.36; 8.26)

< 0.001

1025 388.25; 10 97.42 < 0.001 -1.26 0.20 0.846
Subgroup analysis by intervention type
Collaborative° 3 5.19

(0.01; 10.38),

0.050

402 137.33; 2 98.54 < 0.001 81.19 2.10 0.283
Individualistic° 8 6.05

(3.14; 8.97)

< 0.001

623 228.15; 7 96.93 < 0.001 -4.04 -0.68 0.522
eHEALS difference: intervention vs. control
Overall° 6 3.62

(1.63; 5.60)

< 0.001

1258 31.32; 5 84.03 < 0.001 7.49 5.61 0.005
Subgroup analysis by intervention type
Collaborative° 2 1.54

(0.24; 2.85),

0.020

718

1.40;

1

28.48 0.237 NA NA NA
Individualistic° 4 4.98

(1.77; 8.19)

0.002

540 23.96; 3 87.48 < 0.001 7.18 4.93 0.039

* Egger’s linear regression test

Values are reported as unstandardised mean differences

Abbreviations: df = degree of freedom; ES = Effect Size; N. = number; NA = not available