Table 4.

Targeting pathological agents

Target	Function	Mechanism	Intervention
SNCA gene	Encodes for α-syn	Introduces α-syn at the genetic level	Silencing α-syn through RNAi, miRNA, and ASOs	[132, 133, 136, 138–141]
α-Syn oligomers	Neurotoxic protein aggregates of monomers	Induces α-syn pathology and further aggregation into PFFs	Inhibit aggregation and spread through small molecules	[129, 130, 148]
α-Syn fibrils	Aggregated neurotoxic insoluble protein complex	Induces α-syn pathology	Inhibit spreading and internalization through small molecules, antibodies, and nanobodies; active immunization	[131, 146, 147, 149, 154, 156, 163, 165, 167, 170, 171, 173, 174]

Targeting pathological agents as targets for α-syn-induced pathology and their respective intervention techniques