Table 2. The 2023 TBSRTC for adult population with the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category.

Diagnostic category	ROM, mean % (range)	Usual management
Nondiagnostic	13 (5–20)	Repeat FNA with ultrasound guidance
Benign	4 (2–7)	Clinical and sonographic follow-up
Atypia of undetermined significance	22 (13–30)	Repeat FNA, molecular testing, diagnostic lobectomy, or surveillance
Follicular neoplasm	30 (23–34)	Molecular testing, diagnostic lobectomy
Suspicious for malignancy	74 (67–83)	Molecular testing, lobectomy or near-total thyroidectomy
Malignant	97 (97–100)	Lobectomy or near-total thyroidectomy

Note:

TBSRTC, Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Adapted from Ali & VanderLaan (2023), Gharib et al. (2010).