Table 2.
Non-VEGF Drug Targets in Clinical Development for Neovascular AMD or Diabetic Macular Edema Since September 2019
| Target | Drug | Entity | Formulation | Delivery | Clinical Trial Status (Trial Name/ClinicalTrials.gov ID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angiopoietin 1 receptor | AXT107 | AsclepiX Therapeutics | Collagen peptide that targets VEGF & angiopoietin 1 receptor | Suprachoroidal | Phases I and II(DISCOVER/NCT05859776) |
| Angiopoietin 1 receptor | PMC-403 | PharmAbcine | Monoclonal antibody targeting angiopoietin 1 receptor | Intravitreal | Phase I(NCT05953012) |
| Angiopoietin 2 | Faricimab | Hoffmann-La Roche | Bispecific antibody against VEGF & angiopoietin 2 | Intravitreal | Approved by FDA in 2022 |
| Angiopoietin 2 | ASKG712/AM712 | AskGene Pharma, AffaMed Therapeutics | Bispecific molecule against VEGF and angiopoietin 2 | Intravitreal | Phase I(NCT05940428, NCT05456828, and NCT05345769) |
| Angiopoietin 2 | Zifibancimig | Hoffmann-La Roche | Bispecific antibody against VEGF & angiopoietin 2 | Intravitreal, port delivery system | Phases I and II(BURGUNDY/NCT04567303) |
| Angiopoietin 2 | BI 836880 | Boehringer Ingelheim | Bispecific nanobody against VEGF and angiopoietin 2 | Intravitreal | Phases I and II(NCT03861234) |
| B-cell lymphoma-extra large (senolytic) | UBX1325 | Unity Biotechnology | Small molecule inhibitor | Intravitreal | Phase II(BEHOLD/NCT04857996, ASPIRE/NCT06011798, and ENVISION/NCT05275205) |
| Complement | Iptacopan | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Small molecule inhibitor targeting factor B | Oral | Phase II(NCT05230537) |
| Complement | IBI302 | Innovent Biologics | Bispecific fusion protein targeting VEGF & complement cascade | Intravitreal | Phase III(STAR/NCT05972473) |
| CXC chemokine receptor 3 | OCU-10-C-110 | Ocugenix Corporation | Small molecule drug activating CXC chemokine receptor 3 | Intravitreal | Phase I(NCT05904691) |
| Fibroblast growth factor 2 | RBM-007 | Ribomic USA | Aptamer targeting fibroblast growth factor 2 | Intravitreal | Phase II(TOFU/NCT04200248, RAMEN/NCT04640272, TEMPURA/NCT04895293, and SUSHI/NCT03633084) |
| Fibroblast growth factor 2 | RC-28E | RemeGen Co | Bispecific fusion protein targeting VEGF & fibroblast growth factor 2 | Intravitreal | Phase III(NCT05885503) |
| Integrin | AG-73305 | Allgenesis Biotherapeutics | Bispecific fusion protein targeting VEGF & integrins | Intravitreal | Phase II(NCT05301751) |
| Integrin | OCU200 | Ocugen | Fusion protein of tumstatin & transferrin | Intravitreal | Phase I(NCT05802329) |
| Interleukin 6 | KSI-501 | Kodiak Sciences | Bispecific protein/biopolymer conjugate targeting VEGF & interleukin 6 | Intravitreal | Phase III(DAYBREAK/NCT06556368) |
| Interleukin 6 | Vamikibart | Hoffmann-La Roche | Monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6 | Intravitreal | Phase II(NCT05151731 and NCT05151744) |
| NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/4 (inflammasome) | K8 | Inflammasome Therapeutics | Modified nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that targets NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/4 | Intravitreal implant | Phase I(NCT05699759) |
| NOTCH regulated ankyrin repeat protein | SYL1801 | Sylentis | Small interfering RNA targeting NOTCH regulated ankyrin repeat protein | Topical | Phase II(NCT05637255) |
| Wnt | EYE103 | EyeBiotech | Trispecific antibody Wnt agonist | Intravitreal | Phases II and III(AMARONE/NCT05919693 and BRUNELLO/NCT06571045) |