Table 2.
Changes in signs and symptoms between baseline and last follow-up across studies.
| No. | Year | Design | Symptoms | OSDI | TBUT | STT | MGD | MMP-9 | OSS∗ | ER | TM | BCVA | TO | TD | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2021 | RCR | ↑2 vs.1 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | 2020 | CSS | ↑2/↑3 | +2/+3 | |||||||||||
| 3 | 2020 | CSS | ↑2/↑3 | ↑2/↑3 | ↑2/↑3 | ↑2/↑3 | +2/+3 | ||||||||
| 4 | 2020 | RCR | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | — | ↑ | ↑ | + | ||||||
| 5 | 2020 | RCT | ↑2 vs. 4 | (↑2 vs. 4) | ↑2/↑4 | ↑2 vs. 4 | ↑2 vs. 4 | — | |||||||
| … | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | 2019 | PL | ↑ | — | — | (↑) | —/(↑) | + | |||||||
| 8 | 2019 | RCR | ↑ | ↑ | — | ↑ | + | ||||||||
| 9 | 2018 | RCT | (↑) | + | |||||||||||
| 10 | 2017 | RCT | ↑2 vs. 5 | + | |||||||||||
| 11 | 2017 | PL | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| 12 | 2015 | RCT | ↑2 vs. 5 | — | + | ||||||||||
| 13 | 2014 | RCT | ↑2 vs. 5 | — | — | ↑2 vs. 5 | +2/(+5) | ||||||||
| 14 | 2011 | RCT | (↑2 vs. 5) | ↑2 vs. 5 | — | ↑2 vs. 5 | ↑2 vs. 5 | + |
Note: ↑ = improvement, — = no difference, (↑) = trend towards improvement, + = side effects reported. Arrows and plusses without a number designate lifitegrast.
Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CSS, cross-sectional survey; ER, eyelid redness; MGD, meibomian gland dysfunction grading; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index; OSS∗, ocular surface staining; PL, prospective longitudinal study; RCR, retrospective chart review, RCT, randomized controlled trial; STT, Schirmer tear test; TBUT, tear film breakup time; TD, tear debris; TM, tear meniscus level; TO, tear osmolarity.
1Artificial tears.
2Lifitegrast.
3Cyclosporine.
4Thermal pulsation procedure.
5Placebo/vehicle.
∗OSS includes conjunctival and corneal staining scores, corneal fluorescein stain, conjunctival staining score, conjunctival staining (lissamine green), inferior corneal staining score, superficial punctate keratitis.