Table 2.
Constructs, measurement items and sources.
| Constructs | Measurement item | Sources | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food Waste Behavior (FWB) | FWB1 | Meals and leftovers | Stancu et al.23, Kasza et al.74, Szakos et al.47 |
| FWB2 | Bread and other bakery products | ||
| FWB3 | Dairy products | ||
| FWB4 | Fresh fruits and vegetables | ||
| FWB5 | Processed meat | ||
| Intentions (INT) | INT1 | I intend to eat leftover food. | Aktas et al.4, Visschers et al.50, Stefan et al.32, Stancu et al.23 |
| INT2 | I intend not to throw away food. | ||
| INT3 | I intend to generate as little food waste as possible. | ||
| INT4 | I intend to find a use for food trimmings. | ||
| Attitude (ATT) | ATT1 | I feel bad when uneaten food is thrown away. | Aktas et al.4, Stancu et al.23, Ajzen78 |
| ATT2 | I was raised to believe that food should not be wasted. | ||
| ATT3 | Throwing away food bother me. | ||
| ATT4 | In my opinion wasting food is extremely negative. | ||
| ATT5 | In my opinion loading the environment with my household’s food waste is extremely negative. | ||
| Subjective Norms (SN) | SN1 | My friends and my family influence my opinion about and behavior in reducing food waste. | Aktas et al.4, Ajzen78 |
| SN2 | Influenced by the media (TV, radio, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube) or well-known people (influencers), I pay attention to throwing away as little food as possible. | ||
| SN3 | I believe that media (TV, radio, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube) or well-known people influence my opinion and behavior regarding food waste. | ||
| SN4 | Society thinks my efforts to reduce food waste are necessary. | ||
| Perceived | PBC1 | In my opinion wasting food is unavoidable. | Teng et al.19, Stancu et al.23 |
| Behavioral | PBC2 | In my opinion loading the environment with my household’s food waste is unavoidable. | |
| Control (PBC) | PBC3 | Not to throw food away would be difficult. | |
| Health Consciousness (HC) | HC1 | I carefully choose food to ensure good health. | Michaelidou and Hassan79, Adel et al.35, Teng and Lu80, Katt and Meixner36) |
| HC2 | I’m usually aware of my health. | ||
| HC3 | I’m very self-conscious about my health. | ||
| HC4 | I think often about health issues. | ||
| HC5 | I take responsibility for the state of my health. | ||
| Environmental Consciousness (EC) | EC1 | The current development path is destroying the environment. | Katt and Meixner36 |
| EC2 | Unless we do something, environmental damage will be irreversible. | ||
| EC3 | Food consumption level can have an impact on the environment. | ||
| Price Consciousness (PC) | PC1 | I try to buy food items that are on sale. | Katt and Meixner36, Pellegrini et al.46 |
| PC2 | I pay attention to good deals. | ||
| PC3 | I compare food prices from different brands. | ||
| PC4 | Spending time to find the most affordable price. | ||
| PC5 | Despite I prefer those brands I always buy discounted brands. | ||
| Planning Routines (PR) | PR1 | I check my cupboard/fridge/pantry prior to a trip to the supermarket. | Aktas et al.4, Stancu et al.23, Özbük et al.49, |
| PR2 | I plan my meals in advance and keep to my plan. | ||
| PR3 | I plan what to eat to ensure I use the most short-dated food first. | ||
| Ecological Motives (EM) | EM1 | It’s very important that the foods have been produced in a way that animals’ rights have been respected. (e.g., sufficient living spaces). | Teng and Lu80 |
| EM2 | It’s very important that the foods have been prepared in an environmentally friendly way. | ||
| EM3 | It’s very important that the foods are packaged in an environmentally friendly way. | ||
| EM4 | It’s very important that the foods have been produced in a way which has not shaken the balance of nature. | ||
| Celebrations and Holidays (CH) | CH1 | I feel that I throw away food more than usual during Holidays. | Aktas et al.4 |
| CH2 | During Holidays, the food I prepare for guests is wasted. | ||
| CH3 | My food preferences during Holidays result in higher waste than other times of the year. | ||
| Unplanned Events (UE) | UE1 | Due to unexpected dining out, I always have to change my family cooking plan. | Farr‐Wharton et al.61, Teng et al.19 |
| UE2 | Due to unexpected parties, I always have to change my family cooking plan. | ||
| UE3 | Due to unexpected reasons from my family members, I always have to change my family cooking plan (e.g., someone cannot dine at home without prior notice). | ||
| Blaming others for food waste (BO) | BO1 | Who do you think is responsible for food waste? [Government institutions] | Pocol et al.81 |
| BO2 | Who do you think is responsible for food waste? [School canteens] | ||
| BO3 | Who do you think is responsible for food waste? [Restaurants] | ||
| BO4 | Who do you think is responsible for food waste? [Hypermarkets] | ||