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. 2001 Dec 26;99(1):461–466. doi: 10.1073/pnas.012608999

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Production of PACAP-deficient mice. (a) Design of the vector for recombination in embryonic stem cells resulting in excision of PACAP-coding sequences from the PACAP gene. Exons 1–5 are labeled; shown in black are the coding regions; the black hashed portion of exon 5 represents the PACAP ORF. HindIII (H), XbaI (X), and BamHI (B) sites are shown. (b) PCR of tail DNA from wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous F2 mice; wild-type allele 510 bp, knock-out allele 310 bp. (c) PACAP-immunoreactivity (ir) staining of hypothalamus in +/+ F2 mice. (d) PACAP-ir staining of hypothalamus in −/− F2 mice. (e) Q-RT-PCR of hypothalamic cDNA for PACAP from +/+ F2 mice in red and −/− F2 mice in blue. (f) Q-RT-PCR of hypothalamic GAPDH cDNA from +/+ F2 mice in red and −/− F2 mice in blue. (g) Weak PACAP-ir staining of preganglionic sympathetic neurons in intermediolateral column of +/+ mice. (h) VAChT-ir staining of preganglionic sympathetic neurons in adjacent section of intermediolateral column to that stained for PACAP in g. (i) Q-RT-PCR of spinal cord PACAP cDNA from +/+ F2 mice in red and −/− F2 mice in blue. (j) Q-RT-PCR of spinal cord GAPDH cDNA from +/+ F2 mice in red and −/− F2 mice in blue.