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. 2025 Jan 14;15(2):202. doi: 10.3390/ani15020202

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Changes in nutritional quality of leaves and culms of three staple bamboo species for giant pandas under grazing impact (Nutritional quality data were tested for normality, and most data showed normal distribution. Therefore, the Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) were used to construct bar charts with error bars to illustrate the changes in nutritional quality. Error bars indicate ± SD. Abbreviations in the figure can be explained as follows: YAL: Yushania ailuropodina leaves; BL: Bashania faberi leaves; YBL: Yushania brevifolia leaves; YAC: Yushania ailuropodina culms; BC: Bashania faberi culms; YBC: Yushania brevifolia culms. (a). dry matter; (b). crude protein; (c). ether extract; (d). crude fiber; (e). crude ash. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, indicating significant differences).