Table 1.
Lipidomics of lipids in CKD.
| Analyte | Lipid analysis showed an increase | Lipid analysis showed a decrease | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acids | Free fatty acids | / | [74] |
| Monopolyunsaturated fatty acid | n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids | [75] | |
| Free fatty acid (FFA)16: 1/FFA 16:0 and FFA 18:1/FFA 18:0 | / | [78] | |
| Glycerides | Medium-chain length (52–56) TAG | Shorter TAG (42–48) | [89] |
| TAG (12:0/16:1/18:2, 18:0/18:1/18:1, 12:0/16:0/18:2, 14:0/16:0/18:1) | / | [90] | |
| Phospholipids | Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | [93] |
| PC, LPC | / | [94] | |
| PC aa C38:0 | / | [95] | |
| PC (36:5e), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE (36:4e)), and PE (38:7e) | / | [97] | |
| / | Phospholipids (C-30:0) | [99] | |
| Sphingolipids | Ceramides (Cer(d18:1/16:0, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1)) | / | [109] |
| / | Cer, sphingomyelin (SM) | [110] | |
| Cer 22:0 and 24:1, capryloyl Cer 16:0, and SM 16:0 | / | [111] | |
| Sterols | Cholesterol | / | [115] |
| Bile acids | / | [119] | |
| Deoxycholic acid | / | [120] |