Table 2.

Targeted natural products for CKD lipid management.

Chinese Herbal Medicine	Primary monomer or compound	Model	In vivo/in vitro	Dosages	References
Coptis Chinensis	Berberine;	Streptozotocin-induced DN rat model	In vivo	50,100 or 200 mg/kg	[131]
		db/db diabetic mice model	In vivo	8 mg/kg/d	[135]
		NRK-52E; HK-2	In vitro	30 μM	[137]
		db/db mice; Podocyte.	In vivo/in vitro	In vivo: 8 mg/kg/d in vitro:0.4μmol/L	[138]
Astragalus Membranaceus	Saponins; Flavonoids and polysaccharides; Astragaloside-IV.	Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo	1.5 g/kg	[146]
		High-fat diet-induced six- to eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice	In vivo	10.0 mL/5g/d	[148]
		Mouse model of renal tubulointerstitial injury induced by indophenol sulfate	In vivo	10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg	[149]
		Cisplatin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo	75 mg/kg/d	[150]
Alismatis Rhizoma	AR extract; Triterpenoid Alisol B-23 acetate	Rat model of CKD	In vivo	6 mg/kg	[164]
		High fructose beverage induced metabolic syndrome in a mouse model	In vivo	0.75 g/kg/d or 1.5/kg	[166]
		Wild-type and FXR knockout mice	In vivo	60 mg/kg	[173]
Rhubarb	PE extract:800 mg/kg; EA extract: 200 mg/kg; BU extract:600 mg/kg.	A model of adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy	In vivo		[181]
		Adenine-induced rat model of CKD	In vivo	PE extract:800 mg/kg; EA extract: 200 mg/kg; BU extract:600 mg/kg.	[182]
		db/db diabetic mouse model	In vivo	150 mg/kg/d	[183]
		High-fat diet-induced rat model	In vivo	25,100 mg/kg/d	[184]