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. 2025 Jan 10;12:1291076. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1291076

Table 3.

Comparison of Ni, Ba, Pb and Ti concentrations in pregnant women's blood between groups*.

Heavy metal Case (μg/L) Control (μg/L) Z P-value
P50 P25–P75 P50 P25–P75
Ni 38.96 0.00, 192.57 25.58 0.00, 92.85 −1.605 0.108
Ba 108.99 51.69, 256.12 84.38 55.85, 135.79 −2.415 0.016
Pb 79.65 44.76, 113.84 69.67 43.53, 86.83 −1.706 0.088
Ti 371.91 188.85, 659.15 302.41 217.34, 389.95 −2.485 0.013

*Mann–Whitney U test.