. 2025 Jan 4;11(1):e41625. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41625

Table 2.

Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Pulicaria odora crude extract and its fractions.

Sample	Phenolic compounds		Antioxidant activity
	Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g DE)	Total flavonoid content (mg CE/g DE)	DPPH	ABTS
	Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g DE)	Total flavonoid content (mg CE/g DE)	IC50 (mg/ml)	IC50 (mg/ml)
Crude extract	594.5 ± 59.6^ab	184.5 ± 18.7^a	0.067 ± 0.006^c	0.25 ± 0.007^cd
Chloroform fraction	418.7 ± 48.2^c	43.91 ± 3.59^c	3.42 ± 0.35^a	2.19 ± 0.19^a
Ethyl acetate fraction	619.9 ± 51.3^a	164 ± 8.12^a	0.26 ± 0.02^c	0.45 ± 0.03^bc
n-butanol fraction	586.66 ± 14.29^ab	189.06 ± 5.43^a	0.32 ± 0.01^c	0.61 ± 0.01^b
Aqueous fraction	489.96 ± 7.64^bc	70.54 ± 3.01^b	1.42 ± 0.21^b	0.24 ± 0.03^cd
Ascorbic acid	NA	NA	0.049 ± 0.0008^c	0.041 ± 0.0004^d

Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3).

^a-e Values bearing the same letters show no significant differences (P < 0.05).

NA, Not Applicable.