. 2025 Jan 4;11(1):e41625. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41625

Table 3.

Gastric mucosa ulceration inhibition and effect in gastric acidity of Pulicaria odora crude extract and its fractions.

Pre-treatment	Dose	Inhibition (%)	Total acidity (meq/l per 100 g)
Normal control	10 ml/kg	00.00	1.6 ± 0.04^g
Ulcer control	5 ml/kg	NA	3.06 ± 0.04^a
Omeprazole	20 mg/kg	67.31 ± 1.78^e	1.27 ± 0.06ⁱ
Crude extract	10 mg/kg	42.93 ± 0.81^gh	2.77 ± 0.06^b
	50 mg/kg	82.37 ± 0.80^d	1.8 ± 0.04^e
	100 mg/kg	99.43 ± 0.77^ab	0.82 ± 0.02^k
	200 mg/kg	99.91 ± 0.16^a	0.77 ± 0.02^k
Chloroform fraction	10 mg/kg	56.84 ± 1.21^f	2.57 ± 0.06^c
Chloroform fraction	50 mg/kg	89.83 ± 0.32^c	1.75 ± 0.04^ef
Ethyl acetate fraction	10 mg/kg	30.33 ± 2.1ⁱ	3 ± 0.04^a
Ethyl acetate fraction	50 mg/kg	47.51 ± 2.89^g	2.25 ± 0.04^d
n-butanol fraction	10 mg/kg	46.96 ± 1.94^h	1.63 ± 0.04^fg
n-butanol fraction	50 mg/kg	65.26 ± 2.33^e	1.43 ± 0.04^h
Aqueous fraction	10 mg/kg	83.98 ± 1.24^d	1.23 ± 0.02ⁱ
Aqueous fraction	50 mg/kg	95.56 ± 2.2^b	1.03 ± 0.04^j

Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6).

^a-k Values bearing the same letters show no significant differences (P < 0.05).

NA, Not Applicable.