Table 2.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes

Characteristic	Median	Lowest	Highest	Median survival (95% CI), mo
Primary malignancy diagnosis to LM detection using imaging, mo	23.1	0	221.3
Primary malignancy diagnosis to parenchymal metastasis detection using imaging, mo	14.7	0	162.0
LM detection using imaging to death or loss to follow-up, mo	6.9*	2.17	27.5	15.3 (11.6- NR)
LM detection using imaging to pCSI simulation, d	16	2	624
LM detection to the first fraction, d	12	0	41
KPS score prior to start of pCSI	80	50	90
KPS score at first evaluation after pCSI	70	50	90
OS (first fraction to death or loss to follow-up), mo	4.7*	1.1	26.33	13.7 (11.2-NR)
PFS (first fraction to CNS progression, death, or loss to follow-up), mo	4.3*	0.57	18.37	6.5 (4.9-12.8)

Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system; KPS = Karnofsky performance scale; LM = leptomeningeal metastasis; NR = not reached; OS = overall survival; pCSI = proton craniospinal irradiation; PFS = progression-free survival.

^⁎Does not include censored data.