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. 2025 Jan 21;20(1):6. doi: 10.5334/gh.1390

Table 3.

Study outcomes: within group comparisons between first and final visits.


OUTCOME SPIRITUALITY-BASED INTERVENTION GROUP (G1) n = 39 CONTROL GROUP (G2) n = 36


MEAN SD LOWER 95%CI UPPER 95%CI P-VALUE MEAN SD LOWER 95%CI UPPER 95%CI P-VALUE

Office SBP (V2) 121.37 13.09 126.63 15.55

Office SBP (V1) 128.97 15.60 127.18 15.30

Office SBP (V2-V1) –7.60 –11.72 –3.48 < 0.001 –0.56 –6.40 5.29 0.848

Office DBP (V2) 80.58 10.83 81.65 8.39

Office DBP (V1) 79.39 10.08 77.28 9.08

Office DBP (V2-V1) 1.19 –1.72 4.10 0.412 4.38 1.84 6.92 0.001

Central SBP (V2) 113.42 11.79 115.12 13.97

Central SBP (V1) 117.52 12.84 113.74 12.33

Central SBP (V2-V1) –4.11 –7.87 –0.34 0.034 1.38 –3.66 6.41 0.582

Central DBP (V2) 81.15 10.79 80.38 10.37

Central DBP (V1) 81.82 10.19 81.53 9.47

Central DBP (V2-V1) –0.67 –3.17 1.82 0.588 –1.14 –4.72 2.43 0.520

HBPM SBP (V2) 121.69 10.27 122.31 12.87

HBPM SBP (V1) 123.13 10.34 121.92 12.51

HBPM SBP (V2-V1) –1.44 –4.02 1.15 0.268 0.39 –1.93 2.70 0.735

HBPM DBP (V2) 80.56 10.16 79.81 6.38

HBPM DBP (V1) 80.87 9.25 79.39 7.94

HBPM DBP (V2-V1) –0.31 –1.86 1.25 0.691 0.42 –1.37 2.20 0.638

PVW (V2) 7.77 1.24 8.42 1.61

PWV (V1) 7.82 1.37 8.28 1.69

PVW (V2-V1) –0.05 –0.22 0.13 0.584 0.14 –0.07 0.35 0.179

FMD (V2) 14.28 6.67 7.23 5.71

FMD (V1) 10.16 5.24 10.57 6.31

FMD (V2-V1) 4.12 1.41 6.82 0.004 –3.34 –6.36 –0.33 0.031

SD – standard deviation, V1 – initial visit, V2 – final visit, SBP - systolic blood pressure, DBP - diastolic blood pressure, HBPM – home blood pressure measurement, PWV – pulse wave velocity, FMD – flow mediated dilation.