Table 4.
In vitro studies of bioactive compounds isolated from marine fungi between 2019 and 2023
| Compound name | Class of compound | Marine source | Type of cancer | Pharmacological effects | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preussin (39) | Pyrrolidine alkaloid | Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062 | Breast cancer |
Model: breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231) Assay: MTT, resazurin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and proliferative (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine) IC50: NR Positive control: NR |
Morphological study of preussin-exposed cells revealed cell death | [43] |
| Oleamide (40) amide | Fatty acid | Penicillium sp. ArCSPf | Breast cancer |
Model: MCF-7 breast cancer cells Assay: MTT IC50: 22.8 µg/mL Positive control: NR |
– | [44] |
| Penicindopene A (41) | Indole diterpene | Penicillium sp. YPCMAC1 | Lung cancer |
Model: A549 and HeLa cell Assay: MTT IC50: 15.2 and 20.5 µM, respectively Positive control: 5-fluorouracil |
Not reported | [45] |
| Conidiogenol D (42) | Tetracyclic diterpenes | Penicillium sp. | Oesophageal cancer |
Model: esophageal cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, KYSE30, KYSE70, and KYSE450) Assay: MTT IC50:36 to 54 μM Positive control: Cisplatin |
Not reported | [46] |
| Conidiogenone C (43) | Diterpenoid | Penicillium sp. | Oesophageal cancer |
Model: esophageal cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, KYSE30, KYSE70, and KYSE450) Assay: MTT IC50:27to 42 μM Positive control: Cisplatin |
Not reported | [46] |
| Meleagrin (44) | Indole alkaloid | Penicillium sp. | Oesophageal cancer |
Model: esophageal cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, KYSE30, KYSE70, and KYSE450) Assay: MTT IC50:25 to 40 μM Positive control: Cisplatin |
Not reported | [46] |
| Glandicoline B (45) | Indole alkaloid | Penicillium sp. | Oesophageal cancer |
Model: esophageal cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, KYSE30, KYSE70, and KYSE450) Assay: MTT IC50:30 to 55 μM Positive control: Cisplatin |
Not reported | [46] |
| Pyrenosetin D (46) | Pentacyclic decalinoyl-spirotetramic acid | Pyrenochaetopsis FVE-087 | Skin cancer |
Model: human malignant melanoma cell line (A-375) Assay: CellTiterBlue Cell Viability Assay IC50: 77.5 μM Positive control: Doxorubicine |
Not reported | [47] |
| Wakodecaline A (47) | Decaline metabolites | Pyrenochaetopsis FVE-087 | Skin cancer |
Model: human malignant melanoma cell line (A-375) Assay: CellTiterBlue Cell Viability Assay IC50: not active Positive control: Doxorubicine |
Not reported | [47] |
| Wakodecaline B (48) | Decaline metabolites | Pyrenochaetopsis FVE-087 | Skin cancer |
Model: human malignant melanoma cell line (A-375) Assay: CellTiterBlue Cell Viability Assay IC50: not active Positive control: Doxorubicine |
Not reported | [47] |
| Aspergilsmin C (49) | Polyketides | Aspergillus giganteus NTU967 | Liver and prostate cancer |
Model: human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells in addition to prostate cancer PC-3 cells Assay: SRB IC50: 2.7 ± 0.2 and 7.3 ± 0.3 μM Positive control: Paclitaxel |
Not reported | [48] |
| Patulin (50)/ | Polyketide lactone | Aspergillus giganteus NTU967 | Liver and prostate cancer |
Model: human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells in addition to prostate cancer PC-3 cells Assay: SRB IC50: 2.7–7.3 μM Positive control: Paclitaxel |
Not reported | [48] |
| (−)-Hyalodendrin (51) | Epi-dithiodioxopiperazine | Paradendryphiella salina PC 362H | Breast cancer |
Model: MCF7 Assay: MTT IC50: 0.1 μM Positive control: hydroxy tamoxifen |
MCF7-Sh-WISP2 cells with (-)-hyalodendrin induced alterations in the phosphorylation state of p53 and changed the expression of HSP70, HSP60 and PRAS40 proteins | [49] |
| Purpuride G (52) | Drimane sesquiterpenoids | Penicillium minioluteum ZZ1657 | Brain cancer |
Model: human glioma U257 U87MG cell lines, Assay: MTT IC50: 4.5 and 10.9 μM Positive control: - |
Not reported | [51] |
| Asperphenin A (53) | Lipopeptidyl benzophenone metabolite | Penicillium sp. | Colon cancer |
Model: RKO colon cancer cells Assay: sulforhodamine B (SRB) IC50: 0.8 μM Positive control: Etoposide |
Asperphenin A stopped the growth of colon cancer cells via G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition to its impact on cell cycle, asperphenin A triggered reactive oxygen species | [52] |
| Waikikiamide A (54) | Diketopiperazine Dimer | Aspergillus sp. FM242 | Diverse |
Model: HT1080, Pc3, Jurkat and A2780S Assay: MTT IC50: 0.6 to 1.8 μM Positive control: taxol |
Not reported | [53] |
| Waikikiamide C (55) | Diketopiperazine Dimer | Aspergillus sp. FM242 | Diverse |
Model: HT1080, Pc3, Jurkat and A2780S Assay: MTT IC50: 1.1 to 1.8 μM Positive control: taxol |
Not reported | [53] |
| (3S,6S)-3,6-dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (56) | Dibenzylpiperazines | Paecilomyces formous 17D47-2 | Pancreatic Cancer |
Model: human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells Assay: MTT IC50: 28 µM Positive control: taxol |
Not reported | [54] |
| Penilactonol A (57) | Pentaketide | Penicillium chrysogenum LD-201810 | Diverse |
Model: human carcinoma cell lines (BT-549, A549, HepG2, HeLa, THP-1, and MCF-7) Assay: MTT IC50: 22.0 μM against HepG2 Positive control: taxol |
Not reported | [55] |
| Bisabolane (58) | Sesquiterpenes | Penicillium chrysogenum LD-201810 | Diverse |
Model: human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549, human cervix carcinoma cell line HeLa, human breast cancer cell line BT-549, human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, and human monocytic cell line THP-1, and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 Assay: MTT IC50: 21.2 and 18.2 μM against A549 and THP-1 cell lines Positive control: Epirubicin |
Not reported | [55] |
| 1′-Hydroxy-4′,8,8′-trimethoxy[2,2′]binaphthalenyl-1,4-dione (59) | Quinones | Hypoxylon rubiginosum FS521 | Diverse |
Model: SF-268, FS521, MCF-7, A549, and HepG-2 tumor cell lines Assay: SRB IC50: 1.8, 2.5, 3.2, and 5.1 mM against SF-268, HepG-2, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines, respectively Positive control: cisplatin |
Not reported | [56] |