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. 2025 Jan 6;11(1):e41734. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41734

Table 3.

Distribution of quality of life (QOL) scores in each domain among the participants.

Domains of QOL Total
Mean (SD)
Male
Mean (SD)
Female
Mean (SD)
p-value∗
Physical 46.8 (20.6) 51.7 (20.3) 42.1 (19.8) <0.001
Psychological 47.3 (20.9) 51.5 (20.9) 43.0 (20.2) <0.001
Social relationships 48.6 (24.6) 52.7 (23.3) 44.6 (25.3) <0.001
Environment 48.8 (24.1) 54.1 (24.4) 43.7 (22.7) <0.001
Overall QOL 56.3 (19.3) 60.9 (19.1) 51.7 (18.4) <0.001

SD: Standard deviation. ∗Independent t-test by gender.