Table 2.
Summary of study design and participant characteristics of 11 eligible studies
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Geographic location | |
| ’North America | 6 (54.5) |
| ’Europe (excluding UK) | 1 (9.1) |
| ’UK | 5 (36.4) |
| Design | |
| ’Parallel | 1 (9.1) |
| ’Crossover | 10 (90.9) |
| Intervention duration | |
| ’Post-prandial (< 12 h) | 6 (54.5) |
| ’≤ 4 weeks | 3 (27.3) |
| ’5–12 weeks | 2 (18.2) |
| Sample size | |
| ’< 50 | 7 (63.6) |
| ’50–100 | 3 (27.3) |
| ’> 100 | 1 (9.1) |
| Sex | |
| ’Male | 0 (0.0) |
| ’Female | 0 (0.0) |
| ’Mixed | 11 (100.0) |
| Age (y) mean | |
| ’< 50 | 3 (27.3) |
| ’≥ 50 | 8 (72.7) |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | |
| ’< 25 | 0 (0.0) |
| ’25-29.9 | 7 (63.6) |
| ’> 30 | 4 (36.4) |
| Dairy foods investigateda | |
| ’High dairy intakes | 6 (33.3) |
| ’Dairy productsb | 7 (38.9) |
| ’Milk proteins | 5 (27.8) |
| Health Status | |
| ’Healthy | 3 (27.3) |
| ’Elevated blood pressure | 4 (36.4) |
| ’Increased CVD risk | 4 (36.4) |
a Of 18 individual reports from 11 RCTs
b Dairy products include low-fat milk, non-fat milk, butter, lactose and combined lactose and whey
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; y, years