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. 2025 Jan 25;14(1):e70023. doi: 10.1002/cti2.70023

Figure 4.

Figure 4

BCG vaccination does not alter SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibody or T‐cell responses to COVID‐19 vaccinations. (a) Dotplot presenting the change in anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 trimeric Spike Pan‐IgG MFI before (grey) and 28 days after the second ChAdOx1‐S (purple, n = 64) or BNT162b2 (green, n = 60) dose in BCG vaccinated and Control participants. Differences before and after COVID‐19 vaccinations were determined by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test ****P < 0.0001. (b, c) Violin graph with scatter dot‐plot presenting anti‐Spike (S1, S2, RBD and trimeric Spike) and anti‐nucleocapsid (NCP) Pan‐IgG MFI. Differences between BCG‐vaccinated (ChAdOx1‐S n = 47, BNT162b2 = 38) and Control (ChAdOx1‐S n = 17, BNT162b2 n = 22) participants were determined by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. (d–g) Violin graph with scatter dot‐plot presenting percentage of (d,f) activated and (e, g) cytokine producing (d, e) CD4+ and (f, g) CD8+ T cells. Differences between BCG‐vaccinated (n = 10) and Control (n = 10) participants were determined by bootstrapped quantile regression. BCG, bacille Calmette Guérin; NCP, nucleocapsid; ns, non‐significant (P ≥ 0.05); RBD receptor binding domain; S1, subunit 1; S2, subunit 2; V0, before COVID‐19 vaccination; V2, 28 days after COVID‐19 vaccination.