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. 2025 Jan 24;24:30. doi: 10.1186/s12939-025-02389-3

Table 2.

Model 1 random intercept equations

CASP QOL score (12–48) EURO-Dr psychological score (0–12) SHr subjective health (1–5)
Equation Odds Ratio Odds Ratio Odds Ratio
Intercept 207.7 *** (133.52 – 323.12) 708.4 *** (447.52 – 1121.33) 593.58 *** (378.22–931.55)
Age 0.90 *** (0.89–0.90) 0.90 *** (0.89–0.90) 0.90 *** (0.89–0.90)
Years of Education 1.03 *** (1.02–1.04) 1.04 *** (1.03–1.04) 1.03 *** (1.03–1.04)
Unmet needs 0.89** (0.83–0.96) 0.82*** (0.77–0.88) 0.84*** (0.78–0.89)
Chronic diseases 1.11 *** (1.09 – 1.13) 1.08 *** (1.06 – 1.10) 1.10 *** (1.08 – 1.12)
CASP QOL score 1.04 *** (1.03 – 1.04)
EURO-Dr psychological score 1.02 * (1.00 – 1.03)
SHr subjective health score 1.10 *** (1.07 – 1.14)
Random Effect
τ00 0.37 country 0.78 country 0.75 country
ICC 0.10 0.19 0.19
N 26 countries 27 countries 27 countries
Observations 24433 25706 26478
Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 0.241 / 0.319 0.215 / 0.364 0.226 / 0.371
AIC 27715.122 28795.741 29389.870
log-Likelihood -13823.7 -14364.3 -14660.3

Three random intercept logistic multilevel equations, with the fixed effect of the individual-level characteristics and one source of variation in SM were estimated; τ00, intercept variation. The explanatory variables include the exposure variables and individual-level covariate variables. Romania was excluded from the CASP model, leaving us with 26 countries in this analysis

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01

***p < 0.001