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. 2025 Jan 24;24:30. doi: 10.1186/s12939-025-02389-3

Table 3.

Model 2 random intercept and country-level covariates

CASP EURO-Dr SHr
OR (95%CI) ICC OR (95%CI) ICC OR (95%CI) ICC
THE (% of GDP) 1.16* (1.03–1.30) 0.09 1.28** (1.09–1.49) 0.15 1.27** (1.09–1.48) 0.15
GHE (% of GDP) 1.21*** (1.08–1.36) 0.07 1.31*** (1.11–1.53) 0.14 1.30** (1.11–1.52) 0.14
Country programsRegional 3.43** (1.54–7.65) 0.07 7.12*** (2.85–17.79) 0.10 6.99*** (2.85–17.11) 0.10
Country programsOrganized 3.12*** (1.69–5.72) 0.07 5.92*** (3.06–11.45) 0.10 5.88*** (3.08–11.22) 0.10

Total health expenditure as a proportion of GDP (THE), government health expenditure as a proportion of GDP (GHE) and Country breast cancer screening program strategy (Country programs: Opportunistic (Base), Regional, Organized). For each of the exposure models the left columns show Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for each of the regression models. The right columns show the adjusted intraclass correlation (ICC) of each of the regression models. All models were adjusted for individual-level covariates and exposure variables CASP, EURO-Dr, and SHr. For the full models see Supplementary Table 5

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01

***p < 0.001