Table 2.
Five studies reporting reasons for implant waste
| Reasons for implant waste, % (n/total waste) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ast et al., 2014 | Epstein et al., 2015 | Soroceanu et al., 2011 | Zywiel et al., 2009 | Zywiel et al., 2010 | ||
| Type of surgery | TKA | Spinal surgery | Spinal surgery | Trauma surgery | TKA, THA | |
| Length of study (months) | 12 | 31 | 15 | 18 | 18 | |
| Number of procedures investigated (n) | 1450 | 1304 | 6531 | 1901 TKAs; 1542 THAs | ||
| Total number of implants wasted (n) | 83 | 190 | 739 | 37 | 35 TKAs with waste; 44 THAs with waste | |
| Human factors for waste | 83 (68/83) | 95.4 (181/190) | 74.29 (549/739) | 95 (35/37) | TKA waste events, 66; THA waste events, 80 | |
| Size selection indecision | 55.4 (46/83) | 11.6 (22/190) | 44.11 (326/739) | |||
| Surgeon factors | 70 (133/190) | |||||
| Mistakenly opened implant | 8.4 (7/83) | 1.1 (2/190) | 3.24 (24/739) | |||
| Opened but not implanted | 7.4 (14/190) | |||||
| Contamination | 7.2 (6/83) | 4.2 (8/190) | 26.93 (199/739) | |||
| Defective or damaged during use | 12.0 (10/83) | 1.1 (2/190) | ||||
| Non-human factors for waste | 4.7 (9/190) | 25.71 (190/739) | TKA waste events, 34; THA waste events, 20 | |||
| Case cancellation | 15.83 (117/739) | |||||
| Equipment failure | 4.06 (30/739) | |||||
| Other/no reason stated | 14.5 (12/83) | 5.82 (43/739) | ||||
Abbreviations: THA, total hip arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty