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. 2025 Jan 11;13(1):165. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13010165
5-HT2A 5-HT2A receptor (serotonin)
5-HT2C 5-HT2C receptor (serotonin)
5-HT3 5-HT3 receptor (serotonin)
ACR American College of Rheumatology
AC Adenylyl cyclase
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ASIC Acid-sensing ion channel
CAM Complementary and alternative medicine
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CB1 Cannabinoid receptor 1
CB2 Cannabinoid receptor 2
CBD Cannabidiol
CD19 Cluster of differentiation 19
CD4 Cluster of differentiation 4
CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide
CNS Central Nervous System
D2 Dopamine receptor D2
DAG Diacylglicerol
DOR δ-opioid receptor
DYN Dynorphin
ENK Enkephalin
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EULAR European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FIQ Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging
GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
GIRK G protein-coupled inward rectifying potassium channel
GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
IBS Inflammatory bowel disease
IFN-γ Interferon gamma
IL-10 Interleukin 10
IL-17 Interleukin 17
IL-6 Interleukin 6
IL-8 Interleukin 8
IP3 Inositol triphosphate
KOR κ-opioid receptor
LDN Low-dose naltrexone
Leu-ENK Leu-enkephalin
M1 M1 phenotype macrophage
M2 M2 phenotype macrophage
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Met-ENK Met-enkephalin
MOR μ-opioid receptor
MYT1L Myelin transcription factor 1 like
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NGF Nerve growth factor
NRI Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
NRXN3 Neurexin 3
OPRD1 Opioid receptor delta 1
OPRK1 Opioid receptor kappa 1
OPRM1 Opioid receptor mu 1
P2X3 P2X purinergic receptor type 3
PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PC Prohormone convertase
PDYN Prodynorphin
PENK Proenkephalin
PKA Protein kinase A
PLC Phospholipase C
PNS Peripheral Nervous System
POMC Proopiomelanocortin
RCT Randomized controlled trial
RLS Restless legs syndrome
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SLC6A4 Solute carrier family 6 member 4
SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism
SNRI Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
TCA Tricyclic antidepressant
TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta
THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRPV Transient receptor potential vanilloid
TRPV1 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
TRPV2 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2
VGCC Voltage-gated calcium channel
α-MSH α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
β-END β-endorphin
β-LPH β-lipotropin
γ-LPH γ-lipotropin
γ-MSH γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone