Table 3.
Comparison of regional kinetic energy (KE) parameters between Fontan patients and volunteers.
| Parameters | Control (n = 14) | Fontan (n = 25) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basal KE indexed to EDV | |||
| Average KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 7.5 (6.5, 8.9) | 4.3 (3.3, 5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Peak systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 16.0 (12.5, 18.0) | 9.4 (6.6, 10.9) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 8.9 (6.1, 8.9) | 4.2 (3.5, 5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 7.2 (6.3, 8.8) | 3.6 (2.5, 5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Peak E-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 18.5 (15.9, 20.3) | 8.0 (6.1, 10.3) | < 0.001 |
| Peak A-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 7.2 (5.6, 7.8) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.3) | 0.100 |
| KEiEDV E/A ratio | 2.72 (1.94, 3.45) | 1.70 (1.13, 2.57) | 0.006 |
| Mid KE indexed to EDV | |||
| Average KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 3.3 (2.9, 4.0) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Peak systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 4.8 (3.8, 5.7) | 2.8 (1.8, 3.6) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 2.7 (2.5, 3.3) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.1) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 4.1 (3.2, 4.7) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Peak E-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 8.3 (6.6, 11.2) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Peak A-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 3.9 (3.2, 5.1) | 2.4 (1.4, 3.1) | 0.002 |
| KEiEDV E/A ratio | 2.11 (1.57, 3.12) | 1.28 (1.03, 2.33) | 0.021 |
| Apical KE indexed to EDV | |||
| Average KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 0.8 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Peak systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 1.5 (1.3, 1.9) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 0.7 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Peak E-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 1.3 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Peak A-wave KEiEDV, µJ/ml | 1.3 (1.0, 1.9) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | < 0.001 |
| KEiEDV E/A ratio | 0.84 (0.63, 1.23) | 1.16 (0.87, 2.05) | 0.037 |
Data are reported as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). There were statistical differences in bold representation; EDV = end-diastolic volume.