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. 2025 Jan 16;15(1):72. doi: 10.3390/bs15010072
Variables Completed the Survey
(N = 353)
n (%)
Dropped-Out at T2
(N = 64)
n (%)
Dropped-Out at T3
(N = 12)
n (%)
χ2 Test Cramer’s V p
Gender 1.28 0.06 0.53
Men 45.6 53.1 50
Women 54.4 46.9 50
Education level 9.21 0.10 0.06
junior college or less 14.2 1.6 8.3
undergraduate degrees 71.4 79.7 66.7
postgraduate education or above 14.4 18.8 25.0
Industry 26.97 0.18 0.14
Internet 13.0 6.3 8.3
Real estate 6.8 7.8 16.7
Construction 10.5 6.3 8.3
Catering 11.0 12.5 0.0
Education 11.9 12.5 8.3
Finance 11.9 9.4 8.3
Manufacturing 18.4 14.1 0.0
Medical 2.3 6.3 16.7
Communication 4.5 6.3 16.7
Energy 5.4 10.9 8.3
Transportation 4.2 7.8 8.3
Type of enterprise 20.86 0.16 <0.001
State-owned enterprise 35.4 34.4 16.7
Private enterprise 55.0 40.6 41.7
Foreign capital enterprise 9.6 25.0 41.7
Job Function 5.39 0.08 0.25
Management 38.0 29.7 58.3
Technology 45.0 45.3 33.3
Skills 17.0 25.0 8.3
Variables M (SD); Median M (SD); Median M (SD); Median Kruskal–Wallis test df p
Age 25.24 (3.27); 25 25.67 (3.54); 25 27.50 (3.87); 27.50 2.96 2 0.23
Organizational tenure 7.10 (3.22); 7 7.30 (3.41); 7 7.08 (3.65); 7 0.13 2 0.94
Inclusive leadership (T1) 5.39 (0.88); 5.55 5.20 (0.90); 5.31 5.31 (0.71); 5.50 3.51 2 0.17