Table 2.
Overall postoperative complication events by Clavien–Dindo classification.
| Complications | Grade (Clavien-Dindo) | Management | POD 0-180 N = 241 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Superficial wound infection | Grade 1 | Conservative and antibiotic treatment | 4 (1.7%) |
| Ileus | Grade 1 | Conservative | 8 (3.3%) |
| Anemia | Grade 1 | Conservative | 4 (1.7%) |
| Diarrhea | Grade 1 | Conservative | 2 (0.8%) |
| Acute kidney injury | Grade 1 | Managed by IV fluid | 20 (8.3%) |
| Anemia requiring transfusion | Grade 2 | Blood transfusion | 37 (15.6%) |
| Superficial wound dehiscence | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment and saturation under local anesthesia | 2 (0.8%) |
| Delirium | Grade 2 | Antipsychotic | 4 (1.7%) |
| Ileus require treatment | Grade 2 | Replacement of nasogastric tube | 20 (8.3%) |
| Urinary tract infection | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment | 24 (10%) |
| Pneumonia | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment | 5 (2.1%) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | Grade 2 | Anticoagulants | 5 (2.1%) |
| Arrhythmia | Grade 2 | Conservative, medical treatments | 1 (0.4%) |
| Pulmonary embolism | Grade 2 | Medical treatment | 1 (0.4%) |
| Abdominal collection | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment | 5 (2.1%) |
| Volume overload | Grade 2 | Medical treatments | 2 (0.8%) |
| Gouty attack | Grade 2 | Medical treatments | 1 (0.4%) |
| COPD acute exacerbation | Grade 2 | Medical and oxygen treatment | 2 (0.8%) |
| Hypercalcemia | Grade 2 | Medical treatments | 1 (0.4%) |
| Liver abscess | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment | 1 (0.4%) |
| Urinary leakage | Grade 2 | Antibiotic treatment | 1 (0.4%) |
| Os stenosis | Grade 3a | PCN insertion | 1 (0.4%) |
| Hydronephrosis | Grade 3a | Ureteral stent / PCN insertion | 13 (5.4%) |
| Lymphocele | Grade 3a | Percutaneous drainage | 2 (0.8%) |
| Urinary leakage | Grade 3b | Anastomosis revision | 2 (0.8%) |
| Small bowel obstruction | Grade 3b | Exploratory laparotomy | 13 (5.4%) |
| Anastomotic bowel leak | Grade 3b | Laparotomy and surgical revision | 1 (0.4%) |
| Stoma ischemia | Grade 3b | Exploratory laparotomy | 4 (1.7%) |
| Wound dehiscence | Grade 3b | Secondary surgical closure | 10 (4.2%) |
| Incisional hernia | Grade 3b | Parastomal hernia repair | 2 (0.8%) |
| Neobladder-cutaneous fistula | Grade 3b | Fistula closure | 1 (0.4%) |
| Small bowel injury | Grade 3b | Exploratory laparotomy | 2 (0.8%) |
| Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | Grade 3b | Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy | 2 (0.8%) |
| Lymphocele | Grade 3b | Open drainage | 1 (0.4%) |
| Myocardial infarction | Grade 4a | Coronary angiography and stent placement | 2 (0.8%) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Grade 4a | Respiratory support | 1 (0.4%) |
| Acute kidney injury (require hemodialysis) | Grade 4a | Dialysis | 3 (1.2%) |
| Respiratory failure | Grade 4a | Respiratory support | 2 (0.8%) |
| Sepsis | Grade 4b | Multiorgan dysfunction | 19 (7.9%) |
| Death | Grade 5 | 10 (4.2%) |