Abbreviation	Full Term
AAV	Adeno-Associated Virus
AC	Auditory Cortex
AD	Alzheimer’s Disease
Arch	Archaeal Halorhodopsin
α7nACHR	Alpha 7 nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
BDNF	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
BOLD	Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent
GECI	Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators
ChR2	Channelrhodopsin-2
CINP	International College of Neuropsychopharmacology
CNO	Clozapine-N-oxide
CNS	Central Nervous System
CREB	cAMP Response Element-binding Protein
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
DAAO	D-amino Acid Oxidase
dACC	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex
DBS	Deep Brain Stimulation
dlPFC	Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
DMT1	Divalent Metal-ion Transporter-1
DREADDs	Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs
dTMS	Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
eBR	Engineered Bacteriorhodopsin
ECM	Extracellular Matrix
EEG	Electroencephalography
EMG	Electromyography
EMT	Electromagnetic Therapy
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
fMRI	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
GABA	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
GAD	Generalized Anxiety Disorder
GENUS	Gamma ENtrainment Using Sensory stimulation
GFP	Green Fluorescent Protein
Gipr	Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor
GPCR	G-Protein-Coupled Receptor
GVs	Gas Vesicles
HD	Huntington’s Disease
HEK	Human Embryonic Kidney
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha
hM3Dq	human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3
hM2Di	human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2
hM4Di	human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4
IL	Interleukin
INI	Infrared Neural Inhibition
INM	Infrared Neuromodulation
INS	Infrared Neural Stimulation
IR	Infrared
K2P	Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channels
LIFUS	Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
LTD	Long-Term Depression
LTP	Long-Term Potentiation
mPFC	Medial Prefrontal Cortex
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MSC	Mechanosensitive Ion Channels
MSCL	Mechanosensitive Channel of Large Conductance
NAcc	Nucleus Accumbens
NBT	Navigated Brain Therapy
NIR-II	Second Near-Infrared Spectral Window
NMDA	N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
NpHR3.0	Natronomonas Halorhodopsin 3.0
OCD	Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
OFC	Orbital Frontal Cortex
OptoXR	Optogenetic G-protein-Coupled Receptor
OxPhos	Oxidative Phosphorylation
PBMT	Photobiomodulation Therapy
PD	Parkinson’s Disease
PEG	Polyethylene Glycol
PET	Positron Emission Tomography
pm-AuNRs	Plasma-Membrane-targeted Gold Nanorods
PSAM	Pharmacologically Selective Actuator Module
PSEM	Pharmacologically Selective Effector Molecule
POA	Preoptic Area
RASSLs	Receptors Activated Solely by Synthetic Ligands
RF	Radio Frequency
RNS	Responsive Neurostimulation
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
rTMS	Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
S1	Somatosensory Cortex
SCG	Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus
tDCS	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
TEMT	Transcranial Electromagnetic Therapy
TI	Temporal Interference
TMAS	Transcranial Magnetoacoustical Stimulation
TMS	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
TRD	Treatment-resistant Depression
TREK	TWIK-related K+ Channel
TRP	Transient Receptor Potential
TRPA1	Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1
TRPC	Transient Receptor Potential Canonical
TRPM2	Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2
TRPML	Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin
TRPN	Transient Receptor Potential Drosophila NOMPC
TRPP	Transient Receptor Potential Polycystin
TRPV1	Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1
TRPV4	Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4
TUS	Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation
VChR1	Volvox Channelrhodopsin-1
VC/VS	Ventral Internal Capsule and Ventral Striatum
VGCs	Voltage-gated Channels
VIP	Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
WHO	World Health Organization
Y-BOCS	Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale
Zn0.4Fe2.6O4	Zinc-doped Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles