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. 2025 Jan 19;15(1):62. doi: 10.3390/bios15010062
T1DM Type I diabetes mellitus
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus
DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis
SGLT2i Sodium glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors
ED Emergency department
ICU Intensive care unit
TKB Total ketone body in blood
PPM Parts per million
BrAce Breath acetone
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparative Interventions, and Outcomes