| T1DM | Type I diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| DKA | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| SGLT2i | Sodium glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors |
| ED | Emergency department |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| TKB | Total ketone body in blood |
| PPM | Parts per million |
| BrAce | Breath acetone |
| PICO | Population, Intervention, Comparative Interventions, and Outcomes |