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. 2025 Jan 9;26(2):505. doi: 10.3390/ijms26020505
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
MD2 Myeloid differentiation protein-2
LPS Lipopolysaccharides
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B
ARE Antioxidant response elements
Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-1β Interleukin-1β