Figure 9.
A crosstalk model of ATF3 and c-myc in serum induction. Serum induces c-Myc and ATF2 through MEK1–ERK pathway, and also c-Jun by RALGDS/Src–JNK pathway (de Ruiter et al, 2000; Ouwens et al, 2000). These factors form complex at or around the ATF/CRE motif of ATF3 gene promoter, and thereby activate ATF3 gene expression. Expressed ATF3 protein functions as a positive regulator of cell cycle and mediates cell proliferative activity of c-Myc.