Research Purpose	Behavioral Classification	Description	Source
Physical action (n = 39)	Student behaviors	Sitting, raising hand, lowering head	[84]
		Discussion, engaged, sleeping, eating, using smart phone	[82]
		Asking, boring, bowing, looking	[85]
		Bend, jack, jump, walk, wave1, wave2	[47]
		Aggressive, non-aggressive	[36]
		Sleeping, playing on phone, moving, eating, reading, writing, using computer	[86]
		Raising their hands, bending over, walking back forth, writing on the blackboard, looking up, bowing their heads, standing, raised hands, lying on their desks	[23]
		Listening, looking down, lying down, standing	[87]
		Playing on cell phones, sitting with hands on face, sitting turned right, sitting turned left, bowing, sleeping, drinking water, standing, yawning, having class, unknown behaviors	[88]
		Positive behaviors: standing and listening; neutral behaviors: head-down; negative behaviors: head-turning	[34]
		Raise hand, sleep, stand, use phone, take note, listen to class	[22]
		Hand-raising	[89]
		Reading or writing, looking at the blackboard, playing with cellphone, looking around, standing up, raising hand, lying down	[90]
		Write, read, look up, turn head, raise hand, stand, discuss	[77]
		Listening, looking around, lying on the table, reading, writing, using cell phone, talking	[71]
		Look at phone, listen, stand, sleep, sit, talk, write	[74]
		Sitting, standing, raising hand, average	[91]
		Looking to the right, looking left, playing with cell phones, sleeping, standing, speaking	[92]
		Raising hands, reading, writing	[93]
		Write, read, look up, turn head, raise hand, stand, discuss	[73]
		Looking at the board, looking down, turning head/turning around, talking, standing up, raising hands, lying on the table	[94]
		Raising hand, standing up, writing, slippage, listening	[95]
		Focusing, raising hands, writing, sleeping, using phones	[79]
		Hand-raising, interacting, sitting, turning around, writing	[46]
		Listen to lecture, play on phone, raise hand, write, sleep	[43]
		Raising hand, reading, writing	[41]
		Read, take notes, talk, tidy hair, rest head on hand, lie on desk, listen, raise a hand, stand, use the phone	[44]
		Raising their hands, reading, writing, playing on their cell phones, looking down, leaning on the table	[72]
	Teacher behaviors and student behaviors	Teachers: monitoring, discussion Students: sleeping, working, unengaged, using cell phone, discussion	[96]
		Teacher: explain questions, pointing to the projection, no hand gestures, gesture with both hands, head down and operate, walk around, blackboard writing, guide to raise hand Student: look up, head drop, hand raise, stand up, lying on the desk	[50]
		Teacher: explanation, writing, silence, looking, media display Student: listening, turn, speaking, raising hands, discussion, writing, reading	[49]
		Teacher: guiding Student: writing, reading, listening, turning around, raising hand, standing, discussing	[97]
		Teacher: guiding Student: writing, reading, listening, raising hand, turning around, standing, discussing	[98]
		Teacher: explaining the subject, hitting, holding books, holding cell phone, holding stick, sitting on chair, slapping, walking in classroom, writing on board Student: arguing, clapping, eating in classroom, gossip, hand raise, reading book, sitting on desk, sleeping, standing, talking, writing on textbook	[42]
	Teacher behaviors	Bowing to students, pointing to the blackboard, writing on blackboard, cleaning the blackboard, operating the interactive whiteboard, inviting students to answer questions, walking around classroom and operating the realia	[99]
		Positive behaviors: teaching, blackboard writing, showing; negative behaviors: watching blackboard, watching podium; neutral behavior: operating computer	[35]
		Symbolic action, conscious action, indicative action, evaluative action, and adaptive action	[100]
		Pointing to left, pointing to right, and non-pointing	[101]
		Writing on the blackboard, without obvious intention behavior, describing the teaching content, pointing to the teaching content	[102]
Learning engagement (n = 21)	Learning engagement levels	High, moderate, low	[37]
		Very inattentive, inattentive, attentive, absent	[52]
		High, moderate, low	[103]
		Engaged, non-engaged	[104]
		Engaged, non-engaged	[81]
		Highly engaged, nominally engaged, not engaged	[105]
		Minimum learning engagement, low learning engagement, high learning engagement, highest learning engagement	[106]
		Low engagement, medium engagement, high engagement	[51]
		Not engaged at all, nominally engaged, engaged in the task, very engaged	[107]
		Positive, negative	[108]
		Serious, good, fair, poor, and other	[109]
		Low engagement, medium engagement, high engagement	[110]
		High, medium, low	[111]
	Cognitive engagement	ICAP framework: (+2, +1, 0, −1, −2) interactive, constructive, active, passive	[55]
		ICAP framework: (+2, +1, 0, −1, −2) interactive, constructive, active, passive	[56]
		ICAP framework: interactive, constructive, active, passive, other	[24]
		ICAP framework: interactive, constructive, active, passive	[11]
		ICAP framework: disengaged, constructive, active, passive, interactive	[25]
		ICAP framework: disengaged, constructive, active, passive, interactive	[13]
	Behavioral and emotional engagement	Low, medium, high	[112]
		Head posture: nine directions; facial expression: positive emotions, negative emotions	[79]
Attention (n = 10)	Attention levels	Attentive, inattentive	[78]
		Low, medium, high	[113]
		Task-unrelated thought, task-related interference; not mind wandering; intentional and unintentional mind wandering	[40]
		Attention, non-attention	[57]
		Engaged, not engaged	[114]
		Focused states, non-concentrating states	[58]
		Dedicated, normal, distracted	[12]
	Attention direction	The direction of the teacher and students’ gaze and body orientation	[21]
		At the teacher, slides, blackboard, taking notes, not concentrated	[2]
		Board, laptop, other, undetected	[38]
Emotion (n = 10)	Student emotions	Boredom, confusion, delight, engagement, frustration, and for off-task behavior	[115]
		Happiness, sadness	[116]
		Awe, amusement, confidence, disappointment, neutral	[17]
		Engaged, boredom, neutral	[76]
		Anger, surprise, happiness, neutral, sadness, disgust, fear	[18]
		Active, focused, confused, understanding, depressed, resist, disdain	[45]
		Pleasure, arousal, and dominance: neutral, happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, anger	[48]
	Teacher emotions	Amusement, awe, confidence, disappointment, neutral	[39]
	Learning task types	Easy, medium, difficult	[29]
		Easy, neutral, difficult	[28]