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. 2024 Dec 28;12(1):4. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12010004

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ratio of increase of cytokines (a) IL-33, (b) IL-25, (c) TSLP, (d) IFN-γ, (e) TNF-α, (f) IL-13 and (g) IL-4 in S and L sites. Graphs represent the normalized concentration of one cytokine on S/L site divided by the normalized concentration of this cytokine in C or V/NL site for the experimental model of canine AD/dogs affected spontaneously with canine AD. C = control site, V = vehicle site, S = sensitized site, NL = nonlesional site, L = lesional site. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, *** p < 0.0001.