Table 4.

Univariable and multivariate logistic regression model of the preventive practice of zoonotic diseases and food safety among Nepalese livestock farmers.

			Univariable logistic regression		Multivariable logistic regression
Characteristics	Practice level		OR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI)	p-value
	Poor (%)	Good (%)
Age
18–29	19 (40.43)	28 (59.57)	Ref	0.009	Ref	0.841
30–39	27 (27.55)	71 (72.45)	1.78 (0.86–3.71)		1.09 (0.45–2.67)
50–59	20 (18.52)	88 (81.48)	2.99 (1.40–6.37)		1.42 (0.52–3.87)
>60	12 (44.44)	15 (55.56)	0.85 (0.33–2.21)		0.95 (0.28–3.24)
Gender
Female	42 (31.58)	91 (68.42)	Ref	0.187	Ref	0.533
Male	36 (24.49)	111 (75.51)	1.42 (0.84–2.40)		1.23 (0.64–2.35)
Education
No formal education	36 (39.13)	56 (60.87)	Ref	0.014	Ref	0.045*
Primary school	29 (26.61)	80 (73.39)	1.77 (0.98–3.22)		2.01 (0.94–4.28)
Secondary school	12 (17.14)	58 (82.86)	3.11 (1.47–6.57)		3.64 (1.41–9.44)
Tertiary education	1 (11.11)	8 (88.89)	5.14 (0.62–42.87)		6.29 (0.56–70.43)
District
Tanahun	55 (53.40)	48 (46.60)	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001*
Chitwan	12 (11.65)	91 (88.35)	8.69 (4.25–17.78)		6.52 (2.46–17.25)
Rupandehi	11 (14.86)	63 (85.14)	6.56 (3.10–13.87)		5.56 (2.18–14.22)
Experience (in years)
0–5	18 (26.47)	50 (73.53)	Ref	0.97
6–10	26 (26.8)	71 (73.20)	0.98 (0.49–1.98)
11–20	17 (28.33)	43 (71.67)	0.91 (0.42–1.98)
21–30	9 (33.33)	18 (66.67)	0.72 (0.27–1.89)
>30	8 (28.57)	20 (71.43)	0.9 (0.34–2.40)
Occupation
Livestock farming	58 (38.67)	92 (61.33)	Ref	<0.000	Ref	0.289
Crop farming	4 (15.38)	22 (84.62)	3.47 (1.14–10.57)		2.84 (0.76–10.63)
Others	16 (15.38)	88 (84.62)	3.47 (1.85–6.48)		0.99 (0.42–2.36)
Herd size
1–5	48 (34.78)	90 (65.22)	Ref	0.023	Ref	0.863
6–10	25 (19.69)	102 (80.31)	2.18 (1.24–3.81)		0.81 (0.20–3.27)
11 and above	5 (33.33)	10 (66.67)	1.07 (0.35–3.30)		1.15 (0.56–2.37)
History of illness (in the past 6 months)
Yes	32 (45.07)	39 (54.93)	Ref	<0.001	Ref	0.0028*
No	46 (22.01)	163 (77.99)	2.91 (1.64–5.14)		2.98 (1.48–6.01)

*p-values < 0.05.