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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Aug 17;358:117217. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117217

Table 2.

Effect of above median pCSG per eligible child on memory scores for female HAALSA participants aged <60 years with 1–9 children, stratified by number of children.a.

Full Sample N = 2885 1–4 Children N = 1434 5–9 Children N = 1451

Full Sample Above Median 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) 0.03 (−0.13, 0.18) 0.18 (0.04, 0.32)
Time (years) −0.03 (−0.06, −0.01) −0.04 (−0.07, 0.00) −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01)
Time*pCSG −0.02 (−0.04, 0.00) −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00)





Education: None or Primary N = 1885 N = 802 N = 1083




Above Median pCSG 0.16 (0.03, 0.28) −0.01 (−0.22, 0.20 0.22 (0.06, 0.38)
Time (years) 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05)
Time*pCSG −0.02 (0.05, −0.00) −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) −0.04 (−0.07, −0.00)





Education: Secondary or More N = 1000 N = 632 N = 368




Above Median pCSG 0.06 (−0.12, 0.24) 0.03 (−0.21, 0.26) 0.16 (−0.13, 0.45)
Time (years) −0.09 (−0.13, −0.04) −0.07 (−0.13, −0.01) −0.12 (−0.19, −0.04)
Time*pCSG −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06)





Household Wealth: Below Median N = 1449 N = 685 N = 764




Above Median pCSG 0.06 (−0.09, 0.20) −0.05 (−0.28, 0.18) 0.13 (−0.06, 0.33)
Time (years) −0.03 (−0.07, −0.00) −0.04 (−0.10, 0.01) −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)
Time*pCSG −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) −0.02 (−0.06, 0.02)





Household Wealth: Above Median N = 1481 N = 774 N = 707




Above Median pCSG 0.19 (0.05, 0.33) 0.14 (−0.08, 0.35) 0.24 (0.04, 0.44)
Time (years) −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01) −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)
Time*pCSG −0.03 (−0.06, −0.00) −0.04 (−0.08, 0.01) −0.04 (−0.08, 0.01)

NB: All models include a binary indicator variable representing observations at Wave 1 to control for observed practice effects, a random slope for time, and a random intercept for the individual. Above median pCSG is equivalent to a duration of approximately 0.9+ cumulative decades of per eligible child. pCSG = potential cumulative Child Support Grant benefit. Ns represent total observations across all time points.

a

Adjusted for maternal age, number of CSG-ineligible children, household wealth index, maternal education level, maternal literacy, maternal country of birth, suboptimal birth spacing, and maternal marital status.