Table 2.
Mean, SD, Friedman Test, and effect size statistics for study variables for ITTa and ATPb samplesc.
| Variable | Baseline, mean (SD) | 3 months, mean (SD) | 6 months, mean (SD) | 9 months, mean (SD) | 12 months, mean (SD) | Friedman test | Effect size d (pre-post 95% CI) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chi-square (df) | P value |
|
||||
| Effectiveness measures | ||||||||||||
|
|
ITT (n=39) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Borderline symptoms (BSL-23d) | 2.00 (0.76) | 1.59 (0.78) | 1.54 (0.84) | 1.57 (0.86) | 1.20 (0.65) | 38.8 (4) | <.001 | 1.13 (0.64-1.61) | ||
|
|
|
Quality of life (ReQoLe) | 1.48 (0.60) | 1.83 (0.55) | 2.01 (0.74) | 1.71 (0.67) | 1.93 (0.76) | 31.0 (4) | <.001 | 0.65 (1.12-0.19) | ||
|
|
|
Dissociation (DSSf) | 0.91 (0.61) | 0.81 (0.59) | 0.80 (0.68) | 0.79 (0.44) | 0.65 (0.55) | 12.3 (4) | .015 | 0.45 (–0.01 to 0.90) | ||
|
|
Per Protocol (ATP; n=18) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Borderline symptoms (BSL-23) | 1.98 (0.85) | 1.38 (0.80) | 1.47 (0.96) | 1.22 (0.87) | 0.91 (0.60) | 24.9 (4) | <.001 | 1.44 (0.70-2.17) | ||
|
|
|
Quality of life (ReQoL) | 1.55 (0.58) | 1.93 (0.48) | 2.15 (0.81) | 2.05 (0.65) | 2.33 (0.68) | 14.5 (4) | <.001 | 1.24 (0.64-1.61) | ||
|
|
|
Dissociation (DSS) | 0.99 (0.67) | 0.83 (0.64) | 0.88 (0.86) | 0.68 (0.50) | 0.72 (0.75) | 11.1 (4) | .023 | 0.37 (–0.29 to 1.04) | ||
|
|
|
NSSIg (%; DSHIh) | 0.80 (0.41) | 0.68 (0.48) | 0.40 (0.50) | 0.42 (0.50) | 0.28 (0.46) | 16.6 (4) | <.001 | 0.35 (RRi) | ||
| Acceptance Measures | ||||||||||||
|
|
Client measures | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Client satisfaction (1-4; CSQj) | —k | — | 3.33 (0.54) | — | 3.40 (0.74) | — | — | — | ||
|
|
|
Useability of technology (0-4; UTAUTl) | 2.81 (0.59) | — | 2.83 (0.72) | — | 3.13 (0.67) | — | — | — | ||
|
|
|
Therapeutic alliance (1-7; WAIm) | — | 5.52 (1.08) | 5.89 (0.75) | 5.65 (1.28) | — | — | — | — | ||
|
|
Therapist measures | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Acceptance (1-5; AIMn) | — | — | 4.21 (0.74) | — | 4.53 (0.61) | — | — | — | ||
|
|
|
Useability of technology (0-4; UTAUT) | 2.48 (0.84) | — | — | — | 2.57 (0.71) | — | — | — | ||
|
|
|
Therapeutic alliance (1-7; WAI) | — | 5.24 (0.98) | 5.30 (0.99) | 5.40 (0.88) | — | — | — | — | ||
aITT: intention-to-treat.
bATP: according-to-protocol.
cEffect Sizes for continuous data were calculated using Cohen d. Effect sizes for categorical data (ie, NSSI) were calculated using risk ratio estimates.
dBSL-23: Borderline Symptom List-23.
eReQoL: recovering quality of life.
fDSS: Dissociative Symptom Scale.
gNSSI: nonsuicidal self-injury.
hDSHI: Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory.
iRR: risk ratio
jCSQ: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire.
kNot applicable because variable was not assessed at this time-point
lUTAUT: unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.
mWAI: Working Alliance Inventory.
nAIM: Acceptability of Intervention Measure.