Table 5.
Results of attitude studies
| Author(s)
|
Outcomes
|
Odds ratios or relative risks and confidence intervals
|
Multivariate analysis, adjustment for confounders
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Asking women | |||
| Friedman et al (1992)12 | 75% of women favoured routine inquiry (and 83% of men) | None | Stratifying all patients on basis of • Victimisation status (victims or non-victims)—victims no more in favour of routine inquiry (81%) than non-victims (77%) • Age—older patients (>50 years) more in favour of routine inquiry (88%) than younger patients (68%), P=0.003 • Education—patients with <high school education more in favour of routine inquiry (86%) than those with more education (69%), P=0.01 • Sex—no significant differences between men and women |
| Caralis and Musialowski (1997)13 | 85% of women agreed that doctors should routinely screen in their practices (and 50% strongly agreed) | None | Stratified on basis of • Experience of domestic violence—70% of abused and 77% of non-abused women favoured routine enquiry (not significant) • No significant differences in ethnicity or socioeconomic status between abused and non-abused women |
| Gielen et al (2000)14 | 49% of total sample favoured healthcare providers routinely screening all women at all visits (55% of abused women and 42% of non-abused women) | Relative to non-abused women, abused women more likely to support screening: odds ratio 1.53 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.3) | Multiple logistic regression models allowed adjustment for variables on which the two groups differed: ethnicity, education, income, and marital status—no significant effect on percentage of women favouring routine screening of all women at all visits |
| McNutt et al (1999)15 | 70 (43%) of all women favoured routine inquiry; 16 (10%) favoured doctors saying nothing unless woman brought it up | None | Stratified on basis of • Setting—37% of patients and 49% of women attending domestic violence programmes or residing in shelters favoured routine enquiry for domestic violence • Abuse status (abused or not abused)—44% of abused and 42% of non-abused women favoured routine inquiry for domestic violence |
| Asking health professionals | |||
| Friedman et al (1992)12 | 33% favoured routine inquiry at annual examinations | None | None |
| Ellis (1999)16 | 53% felt nurses should routinely screen all women | None | None |